Seed Dispersal Pattern Of Major Tree Species In The Broadleaved-Korean Pine Mixed Forest

The seed dispersal is a dynamic process. There are important meanings in theory andpractice to illuminated seed dispersal mechanism. It can also help to understand the populationregeneration, community structure and succession rules. We established permanent plot and setup quadrats. We make use of seed trap to receive seed rain in order to research the temporaland spatial pattern of seed dispersal and the vertical distribution and the variety of temporaland spatial pattern in broadleaves-Korean pine mixed forest. We analyzed seedling emergenceand establishment; the spatio-temporal pattern of seedling establishment, especially the keyfactor influenced its survival. It offers science basis for the broadleaved-Korean pine mixedforest protection, management and regeneration succession.The results of seed rain indicated: there is great annual variety of the density of seed rainin broadleaves-Korean pine mixed forest from 872.49 seeds/m~2 in 2005 to 301.50 seeds/m~2 in2006. The season dynamics of seed rain is distinct, and different in temporal dynamic of eachtree species, double peak for Betulla costata and Tilla amurensis; L-type for Fraxinusmadshurica and Ulmus; single peak for Picea koraiensis, Acer mono, Acer ukurunduense, Acertegmentosum and Abiea nephrolepis; The spatial autocorrelation scale of seed rain is great, andthe variance degree is higher. The random factors also influenced the spatial patterns at acertain extent in range. Furthermore, the spatial pattern of every tree species is differentbecause of seed characteristic and the different influences of around environment.The component of seed bank is consistent with that of seed rain. The density is lower(261.31seeds/m~2) respectively, and most of seeds decayed (57%), mature effective seedsmerely account for 4%. The seed bank density decreased with the soil depth increased. Thedensity between unbourgeon period and afer-bourgen period is distinct; the density of most treespecies decreased. Seed bank presented certain spatial distribution, but the scale of spatialautocorrelation is lower than that of seed rain, spatial autocorrelation is great in several meters.The seedling mortality is lower (30%) in 2006. The mortality was mostly caused by manyfactors that include illumination, soil moisture, animal invasion and all kinds of physicsdamage. Seedling presented a definite spatial distribution and pattern variance, but itscomplication degree of patches is lower compared with that of seed rain and seed bank. Thehigh density patches are less.There are some relations among seed rain, seed bank and seedling; however it is differenton spatial and temporary model of the four species. In addition, there is no obvious diversity ofseed rain, seed bank and seedling between closed canopy and forest gap.