Physical Characteristics Of Dietary Fiber And Its Effect On Insulin Resistance In Single Grain And

Objective:(1)Extraction of the different varieties of dietary fiber of whole grains wheat,whole grains kaoliang,whole grains soybean,whole grains barley,whole grains corn,combination grain-soybean.Comparative and analysis their content,physical properties and the antioxidant capacity of different sources;(2) Selected dietary fiber from different varieties and different areas grain-soybean of the highest DF content varieties as animal experimental samples,to compare the effect of selected kind of dietary fiber on the insulin resistance induced by high-fat experimental rats, to compare and analysis of different sources of dietary fiber and positive drug control group on the effect of the experimental rats with insulin resistance;(3) Study whole grains wheat,whole grains kaoliang,whole grains soybean,combination grain-soybean dietary fiber on insulin resistance in the experimental rats AMPK signaling pathway and related gene and protein levels;Methods:(1) Using enzyme-chemical methods to extract DF from whole grains wheat, whole grains kaoliang,whole grains soybean,whole grains barley,whole grains corn..combination grain-soybean, The content of dietary fiber was measured according to the GB method. Determination of their water retention,swelling, unsaturated fatty acid adsorption, saturated fatty acid adsorption,cholesterol adsorption.(2) 70SD rats were randomly divided into 5 group:the negative control group,Positive control high-fat group,wheat dietary fiber group, sorghum dietary fiber, kaoliang dietary fiber group, combination grain-soybean dietary fiber group,positive drug group (ginkgo leaf) according to the level of HOMA-IR.Given prevention diet for 12 weeks,and extrac venous blood once every four time. Determination rats fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). At the end of 12 weeks, after the experiment, blood sampling by docking and separating out blood serum by centrifugalizing, determine the fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (INS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acids (FFAs), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHbAIc), fat factor, oxidation resistance and inflammatory factor levels; To detection of liver tissue, heart, small intestine tissue and pancreatic tissue pathology change; Real-time fluorescent quantitative (real time polymerase chain reaction, rt-pcr) to detect each rat liver, intestine, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of AMPK-alpha, PI3k, GLUT, Lep, IRS-1-4 mRNA expression level and GLUT-2, SGLT-1, alpha glycosidase, AMPK-alpha, P-AMPK alpha, PI3k, PACC, GLUT-4, the IRS-1 protein expression levels.Results:(1) Different varieties of whole grains wheat, whole grains kaoliang,whole grains soybean,whole grains barley,whole grains com combination grain-soybean are rich in dietary fiber(DF); The content of(DF) of Yushi NO.5 soybean in different varieties soybean is in the highest levels, The content of (DF) of Zhoumai NO.16 wheat(DF)in different varieties of wheat (DF) is in the highest levels, The content of (DF) of Jinza NO.12 kaoliang DF in different varieties of kaoliang (DF) is in the highest level, The content of (DF) of NO.7Yun barley DF in different varieties of barley (DF) is in the highest levels, The content of (DF) of NO.18 corn in different varieties of corn (DF) is in the highest levels; the average content of combination grain-soybean (DF)> the average content of soybean(DF)> the average content of barley (DF)> the average content of wheat (DF)>the average content of kaoliang (DF)> the average content of corn.(2) the effect on FBG and the serum lipidAnimal experimental results show that compared with high-fat model group, dietary fibe from different sources and positive drug control group experimental rat body weight, visceral weight, FBG, FINS, HOMA IR, TG, TC, FFAs, GHbalc, LDL-C level significantly decreased (P<0.05), HDL-C level increased significantly(P<0.05); The visceral weight, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, FFAs, GHbalc, LDL-C, HDL-C of different sources of dietary fiber group and positive drug control group has no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).(3) the effect of fat factorCompared with negative control group, adiponectin (ADP) of high-fat model group decreased significantly (P<0.05); Compared with high-fat model group, serum ADP of different dietary fiber group and positive drug group (P) increased (P<0.05). With the negative control group, rats blood thin element, Leptin, resistin compared (Res) of high fat model group significantly increased (P<0.05), ADP of different dietary fiber and positive drug group(P) also was increased. Compared with group H, rats serum Leptin of Res of different dietary fiber and positive drug group (P) significantly reduced (P<0.05).Compared with positive drug group(P), various dietary fiber group no significant difference (P>0.05).(4) Role of inflammatory cytokinesCompared with the negative control group, rats inflammatory factor of the serum, liver, small intestine hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6) of high-fat model group significantly increased (P<0.01), different dietary fiber and positive drug group (P) of the hs-CRP had no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with group H rats serum hs-CRP, different dietary fiber and positive drug group (P) serum hs-CRP significantly reduced (P<0.01).(5) Role of gene expressionCompared with negative control group(N), the gene expression of the glycosidase alpha、 GLUT-2、SGLT-1 of small intestine, Leptin of adipose tissue of high-fat model group (H) increased (P<0.05);Compared with high-fat model group(H), the gene expression of different dietary fiber and positive drug group (P) decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with positive drug (P),different dietary fiber group had no significant difference (P> 0.05). Compared with negative control group (N), the genes expression of the AMPK alpha, GLUT-4, PI3K, IRS-1 of liver, skeletal muscle of high-fat model group(H)are lower (P< 0.05); Compared with high-fat model group (H), the gene expression of AMPK alpha, GLUT, PI3K, IRS-1-4 of different dietary fiber and positive drug group (P) significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with positive drug (P), the gene expressing of different dietary fiber group has no significant difference (P>0.05);Compared with the combination grain-soybean dietary fiber (C), other dietary fiber groups expressed has no significant difference. But on average, combination grain-soybean dietary fiber is best.(6) Role of protein expressionCompared with negative control group (N), the glycosidase alpha, GLUT-2, SGLT-1 of small intestine, Leptin of adipose tissue of high-fat model group (H), protein expression increased (P<0.05); Compared with high-fat model group (H), different dietary fiber and positive drug group (P) protein expression decreased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with positive drug (P), different dietary fiber group had no significant difference(P>0.05).Compared with combination grain-soybean dietary fiber(C), other dietary fiber groups expressed has no significant difference (P> 0.05); But on average, combination grain-soybean dietary fiber is best. Compared with negative control group (N), the AMPK-alpha, P-AMPK alpha, PI3K of hepatic, the GLUT-2, PACC of adipose tissue, the GLUT-4、AMPK alpha、GLUT-4, P-AMPK alpha、 IRS-lof skeletal muscle of high-fat model group (H) protein expression reduced (P<0.05); Compared with high-fat group (H), different dietary fiber and positive drug group (P) protein expression was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with positive drug (P), different dietary fiber group expression has no significant difference. But on average, combination grain-soybean dietary fiber is best.Conclusion:(1) The dietary fiber of combination grain-soybean, whole grains soybean whole grain wheat, whole grain barley, whole grain Kaoliang, whole grain corn is rich in dietary fiber. Composite sources dietary fiber can comprehensive benefits of single source dietary fiber and have a strong antioxidant capacity in vitro.(2) The different sources of dietary fiber can improve the animal insulin resistance of rats induced by high-fat diet. The possible reason is that by reduced blood glucose, serum free fatty acid level, adjust the fat factor and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, alleviate the toxicity of fat, inflammatory factor, fat factor, improve insulin resistance.(3) This study of AMPK pathway components, including the upper reaches of the Leptin, Leptin, and downstream of the ACC, GULT4, IRS-1 mRNA and protein expression for testing, confirmed the AMPK is a regulatory factor, AMPK express descent or activity leading to a fall in insulin sensitivity, single and combination grain-soybean dietary fiber through influencing elements in AMPK pathway, improved experimental rat liver, fat and bone muscle tissue insulin resistance, on average, combination grain-soybean dietary fiber have played better than any other single dietary fiber.