Pharmacological Efficacy Of Gypsum And Literature Review Of Clinical Application

Reserch background:Gypsum is a common mineral medicine. However, during different periods there are differences in the recognition of people on gypsum such as foundation, drug property, efficacy, and applications, which affect the clinical application of Gypsum.Reserch purpose:Based on the foundation drug properties, efficacy, and application of gypsum are studied in order to better serve the clinic.Reserch method:In the current article, based on teaching material and pharmacopeia (2010 version), the foundation drug properties, efficacy, and application of gypsum are studied in order to better serve the clinic. This article adopts the method of literature research to analyze the foundation drug properties, efficacy, application, and compatibility regularity of Gypsum.Reserch contents:foundation of gypsum, processing method of gypsum, property and flavor and channel tropism of gypsum, efficacy of gypsum, clinical application of gypsum, decoction method of gypsum, precaution for use of gypsum, foundation and drug property of gypsum based on geological point of view, the clinical applications of 682 formulas containing gypsum since the Eastern Han Dynasty are studied using the method of literature research.Reserch results:1.Foundation of gypsumAncient materia medica only qualitatively descripted the gypsum foundation, and t here are different description on the source of gypsum in pharmacopoeia of the people ’s republic of china (2010 version) and modern dictionary. What is the correct definiti on of gypsum foundation? Here, gypsum foundation is discussed using the combinatio n geology, mineralogy, and CHM and present my opinion.2.Processing method of gypsumThe processing method of gypsum in the previous generation included:1) smashe d, triturated, and powdered; 2) levigating with liquorice; 3) calcined with fire; 4) stir and mix with sugar. At the present, the main methods of gypsum are smashed namas hina and calcining.3.Property and flavor and channel tropism of gypsumMost of doctors all dynasties acknowledged the sweet and pungent tastes of gypsum, but they do not have a unified understanding on its drug property. Drug property of gypsum may be divided into three kinds, ie., cold, small cold, and great cold. In my opinion gypsum should be distinguished withier accrue or process, then identify its drug property. Accrue gypsum has the properties of sweet, pungent, and great cold and belong to lung and stomach channel. Calcined gypsum has the properties of sweet, pungent, pucker, and cold and belong to lung and stomach channel4.Efficacy of gypsumGypsum has the effect of heat-clearing and fire-purging, relieving restlessness/guench one’s thirst, muscle-releasing/sweating, slowing spleen/tonifying qi, moistening lung/engendering liquid, purging heat/calm the nerves, when it is used with un-processed. However, after calcimining it has boils/promoting granulation and astringing dampness/stop bleeding.5.Clinical application of gypsumIn clinic crude gypsum is mainly used to the management of pyreticosis/polydipsia, lung heat/cough and asthma, schizophrenia, macula, sore throat, pain of eye, and eczema/scald caused by sthenic fever of lung channel. Calcined gypsum for external use may treat ulceration, scald, burn, eczema, pruritus, and traumatic bleeding.6.Decoction method of gypsumThere are differences on the decoction of gypsum (decocted first, decocted at the same time, decocted at the same time after packeting) between ancient and modern doctors. In the modern CHM text gypsum should be decocted first in order to increase the dissolution, because it is a mineral substance and has poor solubility in water. However, the books written by Zhan Zhongjing lived in the Eastern Han Dynasty did not emphasize that this drug should be decocted first. He used gypsum with decocted at the same time, after smashing, or after packeting according to the statues of patients. Sun Simiao in Tang Dynasty and Zhang Xichun in late Ming and early Qing Dynasties advocated that gypsum should be decocted first. In my opinion it should be decocted first for clearing heat-fire. However, it is based on the modern researches and the play on formula.7.Precaution for use of gypsumBecause the drug property of gypsum is great cold, high-dose of gypsum can damage yang-qi of spleen and stomach. Therefore, the patients with deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach should be used with caution or prohibition of use. In addition, it is not suitable for combination therapy with gypsum and tetracyclines, isoniazide, or prednisone8.Foundation and drug property of gypsum based on geological point of viewThe current paper discusses the foundation of gypsum using the geological knowledge. Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. Because gypsum was formed after intensity evaporation heat loss, it has property of great cold.9.The clinical applications of 682 formulas containing gypsum since the Eastern Han Dynasty are studied using the method of literature research.According to the high frequency of drug prescriptions in formulas, the first five is liquorice (397 times), scutellaria baicalensis (153 times), ginger (141 times), ginseng (130 times), and rhizome anemarrhenase (124 times). The five kinds of medicines includes heat-clearing drugs (12), drugs for relieving Exterior Disorder (11 drugs), tonify deficiency drugs (5 drugs), antitussive and antiasthmastics (5 drugs), and others (8 drugs)Seven drugs of high frequency use were selected for studying their compatibility regularity with gypsum, including rhizome anemarrhenase, ephedra, hurricane lamp, scutellaria baicalensis, almond, and calomel.The compatibility regularity of gypsum in internal and external use of clinical medication is studied. In the present paper, the use of application regularity of gypsum is discussed based on the knowledge of Zhang zhongjing and later practitioners on gypsum. Crude gypsum is used for the treatment of Yang Ming qi real hot, syndrome of flaring heat in qifen and xuefen, real hot gas points with deficiency syndrome of vital energy and yin. Gypsum is also employed in excessive heat syndrome and the internal miscellaneous diseases. Nine formulas containing crude gypsum for external use and 18 formulas containing calcined gypsum for oral administration are recorded and analyzed in this paper. Moreover, author put forwarded own opinion.Reserch conclusion:1. The current paper discusses the foundation of gypsum using the combination geology, mineralogy, and CHM knowledge. Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O.2. Based on geological point of view, drug property of gypsum has property of great cold.3. The clinical applications of 682 formulas containing gypsum since the Eastern Han Dynasty are studied using the method of literature research. It is common that their compatibility regularity with gypsum, such as the medicine of liquorice, scutellaria baicalensis, ginger, ginseng and rhizome anemarrhenase. based on gypsum liquorice function. Crude gypsum for external use is partly owing to its liquorice function, not get rid of calcined gypsum made out absence. It is worthy of study farther that ancient doctors made use of calcined gypsum for oral administration in order to remove the property of cold, but some are not true calcined gypsum.