Study On The Influence Of Climate, Soil Factors And Growing Years On The Quality Of Astragalus Membrane

The quality of Astragali Radix from different areas is significantly uneven. The stable and controllable quality of Chinese medicinal materials is an important guarantee of the clinical curative effect. It is important to find the key factors which influencing the quality of Astragali Radix from different habitats.This study selected three mian factors affecting the quality of Astragali Radix which aregography climate, soil, and harvest time, then carry out the study from the following three aspects:(1) The impact of gography cliate on the quality of Astragali Radix (2) The impact of soil on the quality of Radix Astragali (3) The impact of harvest time of Astragali Radix. The main results were as follows:1 The chemical components in Astragali Radix from different habitats is varies differently.The results showed that:the contents of mineral elements and active components in Astragali Radix from different habitats were significantly different (P<0.05). The flavonoids and saponins contents in materials from Shanxi Hunyuan are the highest, which were 0.924 mg.g-1 and 0.873 mg.g-1, then followed by Inner Mongolia Guyang (0.850 mg.g-1,0.790 mg.g-1) and Wuchuan(0.81 mg.g-1,0.730 mg.g-1). The higher contents of polysaccharide areas are Inner Mongolia Zhenglanqi and Wulanhaote, which were 152.7 mg.g-1 and 139.9 mg.g-1, then followed by the Shanxi Hunyuan (136.0 mg.g-1). The contents of phosphorus (3265 ug.g-1), iron (1979 ug.g-1), manganese (55.5 ug.g-1), copper (7.86 ug.g-1) zinc (29.42 ug.g-1), selenium (0.19 ug.g-1) levels were higher in materials from Shanxi Hunyuan, Wuchuan astragalus in the content of calcium (4734 ug.g-1) in materials from Inner Mongolia Wuchuan was the highest, the highest contents of magnesium (2800 ug.g-1) and potassium (11095ug.g-1) in materials were Inner Mongolia Guyang and Shaanxi Suide, respectively. The fingerprint chromatogram results shows that,compare with control fingerprint chromatogram, the similarity of Inner Mongolia Zhenglanqi and Shaanxi Suide is less than 0.95, the other similarity was all above 0.95, which indicating that the active component of the overall characteristics in Astragali Radix from the two ares are different from other regions. The active components of the clustering results showed that the quality of Astragali Radix from ShanxiHunyuan, YingxianCounty, InnerMongolia Guyang, Wuchuan is closely, to point of view of comprehensive active components, Astragali Radix from these areas is excellent, consistenting with the statement of Astragalus membranaceus genuine region.2 Gography climate has an effect on the quality of Astragali RadixThe origin of the gography climate not only has effect on active ingredient content of Astragali Radix, but also have a certain degree of influence on the phenotypic traits. Preliminary results showed that, phenotypic traits is mainly affected by the July average temperature, sunshine duration, relative humidity and the latitude. With the increase of mean temperature in July, the root diameter increased. Along with the sunshine duration, relative humidity and the latitude increased, root length was increased. Active ingredient content is mainly affected by temperature, sunshine hours, rainfall. With the highest temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature decreased, the content of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside were decreased, increased, decreased. Along with the increase of rainfall, the content of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside decreased. With the increase of longitude, the content of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside reduced. With the increase of temperature, the content of Calycosin decreased. With the highest temperature decreased, the increase of rainfall, the content of ononin showed a trend of increase. The lowest temperature is higher, formononetin content is lower, the average temperature is higher, the content of formononetin is higher. With the increase of minimum temperature, sunshinetime and longitude, the content of Astragaloside IV respectively is rising, elevated and lower. With the increase of July average temperature and sunshine duration, the total flavonoid content was increased. With the increase of sunshine hours, maximum temperature and rainfall decreased, the total polysaccharide content showed an increasing trend.3 The effect of soil on the quality of Astragali Radix is signicantly(1) The content of organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, and selenium in diverse origin soil was different (P< 0.05). The highest pH of soil was 8.81 which from Shaanxi, while the the highest content of soil organic matter as 32.91g.kg-1 was from Inner Mongolia Wulanhaote; the content levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, manganese in Minxian’s soil were highest, which were 655ug.g-1,6577 ug.g-1,34200 ug.g-1 and 409.4 ug.g-1, respectively; Shanxi Hunyuan’s soil had the highest content of magnesium, iron, and copper, which were 10421 ug.g-1,18614 ug.g-1 and 27.9 ug.g-1, respectively; the soil form Inner Mongolia Wuchuan had the highest content of selenium,which was 0.47 ug.g-1. Iron, magnesium, manganese, copper, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter were the character elements in the soil.(2) There is a certain correlation between the content of mineral elements in soil and medicinal materials, the content of one element in the soil not only affects the absorption of this elements, but can also affect other elements of the absorption of mineral elements. Astragalus membranaceus has a choice of absorption of mineral elements in soil. The way of absorption of mineral elements are divided into active absorption and passive absorption. Astragalus membranaceus from different regions enrichment capability of mineral elements in soil is different, Astragalus membranaceus has strong ability to enrich phosphorus and potassium element from soil, and the enrichment ability of iron, manganese, seleniumis low.(3) There is no significant correlation between pH value of the soil and the active ingredient content in Astragali Radix. The content of organic matter and mineral elements in soil affected the accumulation of the content of active component in the Astragali Radix.Which the contents of magnesium, iron, copper and calcium increased, the content of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside showed an increasing trend; with content of selenium of in the soil increasing, the content of calycosin showed an increasing trend; with the soil organic matter, calcium and magnesium contents reduced and the content of iron increased, Astragaloside IV showed an increasing trend; with the content of calcium and iron, copper content in the soil reduced,the total flavonoid content increased year by year. The contents between ononin, formononetin and total polysaccharides in medicinal materials and mineral elements in soil have no significant correlation.4 Growth period has significantly influence on active composition accumulation in Astragali RadixWith the increasing growth years, no remarkably difference between the overall characteristics of active components in Astragali Radix. The similarity betweenfingerprint chromatograms of 1-7 years old Astragali Radix and mutual mode fingerprint chromatogram were more than 0.9, indicating that the overall similarity is good. And there was a significant difference between the content of active component (P<0.05). Along with the increase in age, the content of saponins in Astragali Radix showed the law of increased first and then decreased and then increased, besides, the content of flavonoids increased, and the polysaccharides content was decreasing year by year. In the actual production, we can according to the requirements of the content of active component in the different applications to determine the harvest time.