Simulation And Direction Optimization Of Evacuation From Public Building In Emergency With Cellular Automation

With the increasing development of urbanization of our country, more and more large public buildings have been built. The objectives of safety evacuation in the building play a key important role in the area of public safety and at the designing of management stage.The behavior of evacuation crowd depends greatly on the interactions among crowds' members and many other factors. The research on the behavior of the individual is helpful of the analyzing of the problem in the evacuation. The number of people who must be evacuated is usually so high in emergent situation that it is impossible to do actual experiment with the people dropping themselves in the emergency situation. So the main feasible tool which can be used to study evacuation dynamics is computer simulation.Macroscopic and microscopic models are two main kinds of simulation models. Macroscopic models are built based on the behavior of the crowd. The interactions of the individuals are completely ignored in the model. The crowd keeps the density of the initial stage during the process of the evacuation. Macroscopic models are mainly used to show the lower limit of the evacuation time. The simulating object of microscopic model is individual. The characteristic of the individual and the changes of the environment affect the individual behavior. During the evacuation process, individual make the decisions by itself.Based on the analyzing of existing microscopic models, an improved cellular automation model was present in this paper. The characteristic of individual during the process of evacuation can be generated by cellular automation models easier. In order to simulate the behavior of exceeding and evading obstruct, a 45 angle expanded model was build in the cellular automation models. The changes of the smoke density can be simulated by changing cellular characteristic. The scope of view and the intellect level and the strength state will get worse as the density of the smoke get thicker. The behavior of the going with the stream psychology can be simulated by the location flow recorded in the cellular. The effect of the going with the stream psychology on the evacuation is analyzed in this paper.The evacuation simulation system was developed based on the simulation model in this paper. The process of the evacuation in the building can be observed through the system. The relationships between the floors or the number of people and the evacuation time are showed in the system.The problem of the evacuation in present building can be analyzed through the simulation system. However, how to make safety evacuation in shortest time and avoid people from high temperature injuring has been the important part of the evacuation. Therefore, how to design reasonable evacuation direction is the key to solve the problem of the evacuation. The evacuator can be evacuated safely with the evacuation direction before the arrival of the rescue fighter.The process of evacuation is so complex and the behavior of people is so indefinite that it is difficult to be built by model. Therefore, the intelligent optimization algorithm and the simulation model are combined to design reasonable direction according different building structure and the evacuator distributed characteristic.The result shows that the direction plays an important role in the improvement of the evacuation ability of the building. Moreover, different fire happened time and evacuator distributed state and psychologist and strength state should be considered while designing the evacuation direction, and according to which, the manager can start corresponding scheme.