Extraction And Preparation Of The Active Constituents In Macleaya Cordata (Willd) R. Br And Ginkgo Biloba L.

The importance of the new extraction and preparation techniques such as microwave, macroporous resin, the preparative liquid phase chromatography and so on, has beenwidely recognized for their providing faster, more efficient functions in the extraction and preparation of the active constituents of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). With the conventional techniques (decoction, maceration and so on), the extraction efficiency is lower, the content of impurity is higher and the time for production is longer, which restrict the development of the traditional Chinese medicine at a certain extent. But the new techniques bring the new chance and challenge for TCM/The techniques including microwave, macroporous resin and preparative liquid phase chromatography were applied in the extraction and preparation of the active constituents in Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br and Ginkgo biloba, which are summarized as following:(I) The recent progresss of the new techniques (microwave, macroporous resin, the preparative liquid phase chromatography) is reviewed.(II) The extraction and preparation for isoquinoline alkaloids in Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br.(1) The aim of this research work is to present the optimization and comparison of various extraction methods such as maceration, MAE, UE and percolation when the methods were applied to extract the alkaloids mainly including sanguinarine and chelerythrine. It wasfound that the MAE owned properties such as more rapid and higher extratioon efficient than other methods. Furthermore, the seeds and shells of the fruits were studied. A result had been found that the content of alkaloids in the seeds was extremely lower.(2) With macroporous resin, the active constituents: sanguinarine andchelerythrine in Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br have been separated. The effect of different eluents, flow-rate on the separation of the two alkaloids was studied. The results showed that the expected object was reached with the eluents- different percentage aqueous methanol and ethanol then by recrystallization. With the method, a little pollution, economy, fine repetitiveness, high recovery and high purity method was established, which could be used in industrial.(3) The proposed prep-RP-HPLC can be used to purify sanguinarine and chelerythrine from the crude alkaloids of fruits of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. An efficient refined method with help of macroporous resin can be used to isolate the sanguinarine and chelerythrine from the other alkaloids. The method had a number of advantages such as high resolution and large sample size and so on. Furthermore, it had been found that the general ion-pair RP-HPLC for alkaloids analysis was not suitable for preparative separation for the components because of its low sample size.(III) The extraction of flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba L. (1) A hydrolysis method for flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L. wasproposed. The hydrolyzing condition was studied and optimized.Compared with the traditional method-hydrolysis with reflux, it was simpler, faster and more efficient for the hydrolysis of flavonoids. It can be used to determine more quickly and efficiently the content of flavonoids in the leaf, extracts and preparations of Ginkgo biloba, and it can also be used as a pretreatment method before the production for the flavone aglycones.