Discuss The Yunqi Theory Based On The Epidemic Records In Qing Dynasty

ObjectiveAfter the covid-19 epidemic from 2019 to the present,the Yunqi theory made the attention of the academic community.However,there is a lack of long-term data to further explain the stem and branch.Most of the research focuses on the birth year,disease type,the sum of each year’s medical records,and the analysis of their Yunqi characteristics in the past 20 years.Whether the performance of Yunqi features in each year has a clear correlation with a specific type of epidemic,and it has not explained why China’s epidemic figures in the same Yunqi year are different from those in foreign countries,and whether other factors affect the occurrence of epidemics.Considering the 268-year-old Qing Dynasty as the original data source for this study which requires both long-term nature and sufficient and detailed data,here try to find the records of the year of the epidemic and the stems and branches from Qing history.Since the history of the Qing Dynasty is relatively close to the present,historical materials,local chronicles,and other materials are well preserved,detailed,and rich in collections,so using the 268-year history of the Qing Dynasty from 1644 to 1912,which may have 4 to 5 chances to appear the same stem and branch.Observing and studying the occurrence time of the epidemic,the pathological characteristics,and the governance status of the emperor at that time can explain the relationship between the Yunqi theory and the occurrence of the epidemic.This method is more convincing and provides more extended,more profound,and broader data to support this theory.MethodsIn terms of data,the main information comes from the "Compilation of Historical Data on Three Thousand Years of Epidemics in China" compiled by Gong Shengsheng and supplemented by Qing history in the twenty-four histories,to support the authenticity of historical data from the official to the local in the year the epidemic occurred.For various classifications,statistical analysis and drawing are carried out with EXECL software(Office 365)and SPSS 25.0.The research is divided into 3 parts:Research Methods in Part 1(Chapter 3)The third chapter is to study whether there are other factors affecting the epidemic from the governance and historical background.By making the line graphs of the relevant years and the number of epidemics,to find out the years with the largest number of epidemics and the least number of epidemics,as well as the years with an incremental phenomenon.Years with the largest and least number of diseases will be analyzed the effect of Yunqi on the number of diseases according to the Yunqi characteristics of that year.Also,produce a location map graph of disease with climate hazards for analyzing the potential factors that could increase disease numbers.The incremental phenomenon data will be analyzed in Chapter 4.Research Methods in Part Two(Chapter 4)The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the Yunqi characteristics of the incremental phenomenon in the previous chapter..First,find out the combination of stems and branches in the increment year and the number of independent occurrences of the celestial and terrestrial stems and branches,to find out the influence of the celestial and terrestrial stems and branches on the increment phenomenon.Afterward,describe the stems and branches in the beginning and end years of the incremental phenomenon,and find out whether there is a relationship between mutual growth and restraint.Research Methods in Part Three(Chapter 5)The fifth chapter analyzes and explains the relationship between epidemic diseases and the existence of the heavenly stems and earthly branches and explains the pathological characteristics.First,find out the relationship between the stems and branches and the number of epidemics by bar graph.Then,according to the characteristics of Yunqi assimilation of the stems and branches,find out the relationship between the disease and the number of epidemics.The distribution of disease categories and corresponding combinations of stems and branches in each celestial stem and terrestrial branch group was be observed and analyzed.Research Methods in Part Four(Chapter 6)The sixth chapter is to extract no less than 100 types of epidemic diseases in the records of the Qing Dynasty and use the chi-square test in statistical methods and multi-factor Logistic regression to analyze the existence of each celestial stem,terrestrial branch,provinces and municipalities,emperors and the types of epidemic diseases that were sampled what influencing factors.The reason for using the chi-square test is that it is more convenient and objective to observe the differences between the celestial stems,terrestrial branches,provinces,and municipalities directly under the central government,and emperors.ResultsThe first part is the third chapter,which finds that governance and historical background factors affect the number of epidemics.Here is divided into four points.The first is that during the ten emperors of the Qing Dynasty,there were 40 groups of increments,which means the number of epidemics increased for no less than three consecutive years,which generally occurred in situations such as famine,war,or extreme weather.The second is to find that the most common epidemic period is the third Yun and fourth Qi,that is,from July 23 to August 30 in the solar calendar,and the least common is the end Yun and fifth Qi,which is from November 11 to 22 in the solar calendar.More epidemic diseases occurred on hot and humid days and fewer records in cold winter.This result is in line with the historical fact that the school of febrile diseases developed and perfected the theory of traditional Chinese medicine in the Qing Dynasty.The third is that the most and least recorded number of epidemics occurred in the Xianfeng and Qianlong dynasties,respectively,which is in line with the history that the former was in a period of internal and external troubles as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the British-French Allied Forces.Its average disease count was the lowest among the ten emperors.Fourth,it finds that the celestial stem and terrestrial branches that belonged to yang in the Qing Dynasty had a 27.28%higher chance of encountering the lowest peak of epidemic outbreaks than the celestial stem terrestrial branch that belonged to yin.The effect of the heavenly stems on luck is more evident than that of the overcast ones.The second part is the fourth chapter.This chapter is mainly to analyze the findings of the third chapter further.Here is divided into three points.The first is that the upper limit for discovering the incremental phenomenon is five years.According to the statistical records of the literature,the increment can be up to 5 times.In the data of the ten emperors,none of the cases that can produce an increase in the epidemic will fall back in the sixth year,which may indicate the most extended period of epidemic prevention in the face of a pandemic.The second is to find that the decline years are all the beginning years of the end of the increase year.The stem and branch and five elements are mutually restrained.The third is to Provide essential guidance in Tiangan and Wuyun.The third part is that the fifth chapter finds that the epidemic diseases in the Qing Dynasty can explain the occurrence and characteristics of the epidemic diseases.Still,there is no clear indication of the disease types or relevant detailed pathological characteristics records because the documents are not medical reports.The theory of luck mainly discusses the pathological characteristics of the disease rather than the name of the disease,which can verify the pathological features.Hence,it also achieves the purpose of research.The fourth part is the sixth chapter.It finds that the aggregated statistics of the previous chapters and the further use of statistical analysis tools can lead to more convincing and intuitive results.It determined that certain stems and branches in the Qing Dynasty have prominent characteristics for a specific disease.At the same time,certain epidemics are affected by their regionality or by the level of governance and historical background.The first eight types of epidemic diseases with no less than 100 records were selected and analyzed by the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches,Emperors,and the locations of the outbreak provinces and cities.The following three points will introduce the results and advantages.The first is to find that this move can more intuitively observe the relationship between influencing factors,thereby further proving the relevance of each item.Taking dysentery/vomiting and diarrhea as an example,if we look at the total amount,both Ding and Jigan have a maximum of 23 times each,and Agan also has 21 times.Under the premise that the P-value is less than 0.05,it is statistically significant,and the OR value ranks first.Ji is more prone to dysentery than Ding.As for Jia,the total number of additions is less than Ding,but the OR value is higher than Ding.The second is to find that the analysis results are consistent with the aggregated results and in line with the historical background.First of all,this can rule out the influence of the length of the emperor’s term of office.Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong will result in more records of epidemics and climate disasters,affecting researchers’ understanding of the emperor’s governance level,outbreaks,and the relationship between stems and branches.Taking the plague as an example,the P-values of Shunzhi,Kangxi,and Yongzheng are all close to 1,indicating that the plague records of these three emperors are relatively small and lack representative.Another point is that the OR value of Xuantong is much higher than others.The Northeast plague mainly started in the ten years of Guangxu in 1884,and the peak of the outbreak especially came from October 1910 to April 11.The third is to find that this method can verify some diseases with regional characteristics.Taking diphtheria/pharyngeal disease as an example,some cases concentrated in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Delta,namely Shanghai,Jiangsu,and Zhejiang,and P<0.05 and the OR value is higher than others.Diphtheria in the Qing Dynasty was more common in the Yangtze River Delta.The famous laryngologists in the Qing Dynasty also mostly came from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.ConclusionThe study found that the luck theory can explain the prevalence of epidemic diseases in a specific branch or branch.It can explain factors such as the time and place of the development of the school of febrile illnesses,and it can describe the characteristics of the time point of the epidemic in the Qing Dynasty.The four qi and five flavors theory of medicinal properties can provide clinical medication ideas.This method can objectively explain that even though the world has been in the same branch in the past few years,there may be significant differences in my country’s antiepidemic performance compared with foreign countries.In addition,it proves that in addition to the Yunqi theory,other factors affect the occurrence of epidemics,causing the same group of stems and branches to be indifferent to emperors’ tenures.Even if the exact outbreak occurs,the severity may be different,and it will not affect the entire country or region and may only concentrate.Finally,Logistic analysis shows that the Yunqi theory still needs to observe the location of the epidemic and the background of the emperor’s governance simultaneously so that a more comprehensive observation can obtain a more objective result.