Research On "The Complete Book Of Ancient And Modern Medical Traditions

Wu Mianxue,a Huizhou Engraving Expert in Ming Dynasty,compiled "The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern",which is the largest medical series in ancient China.It contains 44 important medical books from "Inner Canon of Huangdi"("Plain Questions" and "Miraculous Pivot")to Ming Dynasty,which has a great influence on later generations.Therefore,it is regarded as an important edition that can not be ignored in the study of ancient TCM(traditional Chinese medicine)books.Some of the medical books are recognized as rare books in academic circles.For example,"A-B classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion" in "The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern"is the earliest existing complete edition,and several medical books,including "Key to Diagnosis and Treatment",are all popular editions in later generations.However,there has been no systematic study on the series "The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern" for a long time.In this study,"The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern"(Ming Dynasty edition)was taken as the research object,the ancient books resources of domestic and foreign collection institutions such as National Library,Library of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Harvard-Yenching Library,as well as the related data were collected as much as possible.By using the research methods such as philology,bibliography and collation,this paper studied compilation of the series,edition spread system of the series,selection of sub-section in medical books,original selection of medical books,collation work and the edition value.In the middle of Ming Dynasty,political situation in China was stable,the level of economic development was high,and the etching industry flourished.Many large-scale publishing centers appeared all over the country,which provided social background support for the compilation of "The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern".However,the Confucian scholars studied medicine on a large scale,and the Confucian idea of pursuing orthodoxy quickly penetrated into the medical field.Therefore,the pursuit of the unification of doctors became a passing fad,which gave birth to many large-scale medical series named after "Medical Professionals" and "Medical Orthodox",among which"The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern" is one of them.The editor of this series is not Wang Kentang,but Wu Mianxue,the engraving master of Huizhou etching industry,the largest engraving center in China at that time.Although Wu Mianxue is a Confucian businessman,he also understands medical principles,and has a good friendship with Xin’an’s doctors.As the main editor of this series,Wu provided printing and engraving technology,publishing funds and academic guidance.In the process of compiling and engraving this series,Peng Haogu,the magistrate of Shexian County,prefaced it.Besides Wu Zhongheng,the son of Wu Mianxue,there were also doctors Xu Rong and Yu Shiyu,fellow engraving experts Wu Guan and Bao Shiqi.There are two major editions of "The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern":the early edition represented by Wuchelou and the revised edition of Yingxuzhai Buyuelou.The main feature of the early edition is that the preface of Peng Haogu is preserved,while Buyuelou has repaired the edition and deleted the original preface of Peng Haogu.The so-called "Buyuelou Edition" of some book collection institutions(such as Harvard-Yenching Lidrary)is not all published by Buyuelou,but the collection cost of books collected by different bookstores in later generations.Studies show that the compilation and publication of "Six Channels of Medicine" has nothing to do with Gu Congde and Wu Mianxue,and it is a later parse edition of "The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern".Zhu Wenzhen’s collated edition of "The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern" in Qing Dynasty corrected some mistakes in Wu Mianxue’s edition,and adjusted the annotation of large and small characters and the use of glyphs.This edition is completely different from Wu’s edition,and some medical books have selected other editions as the original for publication and engraving.There are 44 kinds of books in "The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern".Through textual research on the source and content of engraved book preface,this paper explored the principles of selecting medical books."The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern·Engraved Medical book to rebuild Orthodox Order" came from Wu Mianxue’s re-compilation of "Introduction to Medicine·Theory of Original Orthodoxy",and its main content originated from Li Tangqing’s"Xinyinganzhujing" in Yuan Dynasty.The selection principle of Wu for medical books is generally consistent with that stated in the preface,namely construct two systems,Neijing and Zhongjing,and include the early classic works of the two systems and the works of later doctors.After analyzing the original version of the sub-section medical books in "The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern",it can be seen that "Plain Queations" comes from the Song Dynasty edition edited by Gu Congde in Ming Dynasty.According to the existing research,the original version of "Miraculous Pivot"should be the facsimile edition of Yuan Dynasty engraving edition imitated by Xiong Zongli in the eighth year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty.According to the existing research,"A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion" is probably based on the published edition or its circulating edition in the second year of Ming Orthodox Ding Si(AD 1437).The original version of"Central Treasury Canon" should be the MinzhongCangsi’s edition of the Song Dynasty.The original edition of "The Pulse Canon"is the anonymous shadow engraving of Ming Dynasty.The original meaning of "Classic of Questioning" is based on the original meaning of "Classic of Questioning" in "Xue’s Medical Records" engraved by Wu Guan in Xin’an,Ming Dynasty."Synopsis of Golden Chamber" is based on Deng Zhen’s edition and Yu Qiao’s edition and Anonymous’s edition."Concise Exposition Exogenous on Febrile Diseases" is based on Ge Cheng’s edition of Ming Dynasty."Book of Nanyang for Life Saving" is based on a certain edition Yuan Dynasty,"Liu Hejian’s Six Books on Medicine" should originate from the publication system of Chen’s book hall’s edition in the sixth year of Hongwu(AD 1373).The"Ten Books of Dongyuan" is based on the "Ten Books of Dongyuan" published by Zhu Chongrang Meinan Bookstore in the eighth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty,and also participated in the Zhou Yuejiao’s edition."Danxi Heart Law" is based on Cheng Chong’s edition in the eighteenth year of Chenghua."Confucian’s Duties To their Parents" is based on the Shao Boya’s edition in the twentieth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty(AD 1541)."Medical Invention" and "Living Law Confidential" are based on Du Sijing’s "Jisheng Ba Cui" in the second year of Yanyou in Yuan Dynasty(AD 1315).There are the following characteristics in the selection of the basic edition of this medical book in "Yitong":on the one hand,it is consistent with the style of advocating editions of Song Dynasty in Ming Dynasty,for example,"Plain Queations" and "The Pulse Canon" chose the editions of Song Dynasty carved by people of the Ming Dynasty as the basic edition;On the other hand,Wu Mianxue attached great importance to the popular editions at that time.For example,"Ten Books of Dongyuan"published by Zhu Chongrang Meinan Bookstore in the eighth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty was highly recognized at home and abroad at that time.In addition,the principle of proximity is adopted in the selection of some medical books,such as the "Classic of Questioning" of"Xue’s Medical Records" by Wu Guan,a fellow countryman in Shexian County,and "Danxi’s Mastery of Medicine" carved by Cheng Chong in Anhui Province.In the process of collation,the changes mainly include the following points:First of all,the changes to the preface.For example,the preface after "Materia Medica for Decoctions" is moved to the front of the text.Secondly,the changes to the number of volumes.For example,"Materia Medica for Decoctions" was changed from 2 volumes to 3 volumes.Third,there are many changes to the glyphs.If variant and traditional Chinese characters are changed into common characters,the main purpose is to unify the glyphs in the original edition.In the process of proofreading and edition,the original edition of "Medical Orthodox" has corrected the wrong characters and out-of-text,but after proofreading and edition,many new wrong characters have been produced.The statistical results show that the wrong characters are mainly caused by similar glyphs.As the main popular edition of "Key to Diagnosis and Treatment" and "Key recipe of Syndrome and Treatment","The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern" does not include the preface of Chen Ni and the postscript written by Huang Yu,(see Wang Kentang’s edition).Moreover,due to misreading the preface content,it is considered that the of "Key to Diagnosis and Treatment·Hu Ying preface" belongs to the "class prescription",and the preface is moved to the front of the "Key recipe of Syndrome and Treatment",which leads to the successive inheritance and expansion of this misunderstanding in later catalogue books.However,"Key to Diagnosis and Treatment" should have been 12 volumes,while "Key to Diagnosis and Treatment" is a 4-volume edition re-arranged according to the new style.Among the three typhoid works reviewed by Xu Rong in the "The Complete Collection of Orthodox Medical Works,Ancient and Modern","Treatise on Febrile Disease with Notes" is basically the same as the Yuan edition in terms of text content,while "Synopsis of Golden Chamber" and "Treatise on Febrile Disease with Notes" have changes in content and rhetoric compared with the original edition.