Study On Regulatory Mechanism Of Soybean GmLNGLP1 Gene Triggering Changes In Root Architecture Under Low Nitrogen Stress,and Proteome Analysis At Anthesis Under High-Temperature Stress

Nitrogen is an essential contributing factor towards plant growth and for its survival.Whereas,the excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizer to crop plants not only lead to serious environment pollution but also increases the farmers cost production.Thereby,to combat this concerning problem,remarkable efforts have been attempted by researchers worldwide to enhance the nitrogen use efficacy of field crops.However,no significant success has been attained up to dated.Germin-like proteins(ubiquitous plant glycoproteins belong to cupin super family),known as GLPs have attributing potential roles in numerous plant species ranging from abiotic stress to many other field stresses such as low nitrogen condition.Here,we have reported overexpressed GmLNRGLPl in transgenic tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)increased the plant root biomass by developing better root system under nitrogen-poor conditions.Moreover,the overexpression of GmLNGLP1 increases the SOD isoenzyme activity in and E.coli and tobacco leaves.Dispite that,one of the crucial and noticeable finding in our experiments was that,we observed the nucleotide variation in the promoter region of GmLNRGLP1 gene that was remarkably played a role to enhance the root architecture in low N conditions.In conclusion,our experiment results demonstrated that GmLNRGLP1 significantly improves root biomass under nitrogen-poor conditions via improving root architecture.Regarding heat stress,we employed iTRAQ to analyze the proteomes and protein expression profiles of isolated anthers from heat-tolerant(JD21)and heatsensitive(HD14)soybean cultivars under HT stress.We identified 371,479,and 417 DEPs related to HT stress in different comparison groups of THA(HD 14 anthers treated with HT stress)vs CHA(HD 14 anthers in the natural field conditions),TJA(JD21 anthers treated with HT stress)vs CJA(JD21 anthers in the natural field conditions),and THA vs TJA.Results showed that HT mainly affected metabolic process,carbohydrate metabolic process,oxidation-reduction process,extracellular region,cytoplasm,cytosol,catalytic activity,oxidoreductase activity,structural molecule activity,and structural constituent of ribosome.Moreover,most of DEPs were involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolic,protein synthesis and degradation,stress-associated,and other metabolic pathways related to growth and development of anthers.Sixteen common DEPs were involved in known protein-protein interaction networks in three comparisons related to heat,which may greatly influence the anthers growth and development and yield,and which was likely to help to keep these pathways in balance under HT stress.In addition,heat-tolerant soybean performed better than heat-sensitive one through upregulating expression of proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism and energy supply,stress response,protein synthesis and degradation,pollen cell wall growth and development,and antioxidant defense to better regulate HT stress responses.These results provide valuable information for soybean thermotolerance breeding.