| The rural collective economy is an important part of my country's socialist public-owned economy and an important economic foundation for the socialist system with Chinese characteristics in the countryside.The development of the rural collective economy is not only related to the vital interests of the majority of farmers,but also to the overall situation of rural reform,development,and stability.In the 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of my country,the rise and fall of the rural collective economy in our country have alternated.The agricultural co-operative movement and agricultural collectivization before the reform and opening up broke the feudal land ownership relationship,liberated the productive forces,promoted the development of agriculture,and realized the transformation of individual farmers' ownership to socialist collective ownership.The agricultural co-operation under the People's Commune is a great practice of the Chinese Communists.However,due to the lack of a deep understanding of the law of this innovative practice,in the late period of the cooperative movement Problems such as rigidity and inefficiency.After the reform and opening up,starting from the household contracting system in Xiaogang Village,Fengyang County,Anhui Province,my country began to implement a two-tier management system based on household contract management and combining unified and decentralized operations.The two-tier management system enables farmers to have more autonomy in production and management,which greatly mobilizes farmers' enthusiasm and initiative in production.Under this institutional arrangement,the development form of the rural collective economy has also undergone great changes.However,it is undeniable that with the profound changes in the rural economy and society and the increasing pace of marketization,it is difficult for the rural collective economy in some places to maintain and increase the value of collective assets,resources,and funds,and to improve the village collective self-development and security capabilities.Agricultural modernization,the promotion of rural economic and social development,and the improvement of rural governance are incompatible with the requirements of rural collective economic development.Reform is imperative.The development of Tangyue Village,a poor small mountain village in Guizhou Province,has become the focus of academic and social attention in the past two years.On December 10,2016,the "Tangyue Grassroots Construction Experience Symposium and "Tangyue Road" Seminar" co-sponsored by the "Party Construction" magazine of the Central Propaganda Department and People's Publishing House was held at the Beijing National People's Congress Conference Center.The reportage "Road to Tangyue" not only achieved artistic success,but also produced a huge social sensation,allowing the whole country to learn about Tangyue Village,an unknown small village.On the morning of March 9,2017,Yu Zhengsheng,member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference,said in a discussion with the Guizhou delegation: "I saw "Tang Yue Road" in the "People's Literature" magazine.Later,"People's Daily" He also published an article.The key for Tang Yue to achieve this is self-reliance and hard work.This is Dazhai in the new era." "Tang Yue's spirit is still not simple,but it still needs to be carried forward.To discover such a model,and then encourage it.Typical.” The main reason why Tangyue Village has received attention is that its successful practice has opened up new perspectives for the development and expansion of the rural collective economy,and has made good progress in industrial prosperity,ecological livability,rural civilization,effective governance,and affluent life.example.In just two years,from a poor village to a "net celebrity village",why can Tangyue Village succeed? Is its success accidental or inevitable? How to understand the collective roads and"Tangyue Village" Whether "experience" can be copied and promoted is worthy of attention.At the same time,the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping as the General Secretary has issued several policies on the development of the collective economy,and the rural collective economy has the possibility of taking off again.Especially when General Secretary Xi Jinping visited Xiaogang Village on April25,2016,he further emphasized that “no matter how the reform is done,the collective ownership of rural land cannot be destroyed”.This is a warning issued on behalf of the highest level of the Party Central Committee,admonishing the whole party to abide by the constitution's provisions on the collective ownership of rural land,and not to touch the bottom line of collective ownership.Rural reform and development must be maintained on the premise that the household contract responsibility system remains unchanged.The direction of collectivization must be guaranteed.Therefore,under the background of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era of Xi Jinping,it is very necessary to carry out research on the "Tang Yue experience".The thesis is divided into 8 chapters,the main contents are as follows:The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly introduces the background and significance of the article research,the research ideas and methods,the main content of the research,and the innovative points and deficiencies of the thesis.The second chapter is the literature research part,which mainly summarizes the research of collective economy and rural collective economy from both domestic and foreign aspects.The research found that foreign scholars' research on the efficiency and management of agricultural cooperatives provided theoretical reference for the development of rural collective economy in my country.The research of domestic scholars is based on the actual soil of China's rural development.The summary and condensing of the views are highly pertinent,but there are also some shortcomings and shortcomings.There are two main aspects:First,the theoretical basis of the research is mostly Western economics There are few studies based on the Marxist agricultural cooperation theory,and there is a lack of research on the collective production advocated by Marx and Encos.Second,in the research process,the differences in my country's economic development level,social system and national conditions are less considered,and the imbalance in the development of my country's agricultural productivity is ignored.Therefore,when learning from foreign development experience,the blind proposition is completely dependent on the role of the market and fully absorbed foreign countries.The experience of cooperative development.The author also sorted out the domestic research on the "Tang Yue experience".At present,the academic community has paid great attention to and enthusiastically discussed this local practice.The existing research results mainly focus on the affirmation of the "Tang Yue experience",the value of the times and In terms of enlightenment and reference,there are more case studies and fewer systematic and comprehensive studies.In terms of document carrier presentation,more results are concentrated in newspapers and network dissemination,while monographs and high-level periodicals are less.Chapter Three is about basic concepts and basic theories.The basic concepts include the concept of rural collective economy and the concept of "Tang Yue experience".The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Steadily Promoting the Reform of the Rural Collective Property Rights System" published on December 26,2016 clarified that"the rural collective economy is a way for collective members to use the resource elements owned by the collective to achieve common development through cooperation and cooperation.The economic form is an important form of the socialist public-owned economy.” Although the national policy documents have a clear concept of the rural collective economy,scholars who interpret the concept have different views.In the study of the concept of "Tangyue Experience",the author emphatically pointed out the difference between "Tangyue Experience" and"Tangyue Road",and proposed that it is more realistic to call Tangyue Village's practical exploration as "Tangyue Experience".In the basic theory part,the author first sorted out the ideological expositions of the classic Marxist writers on the rural collective economy,including Marx and Engels' thoughts on agricultural cooperation,Lenin's agricultural cooperative thoughts,Stalin's agricultural cooperative thoughts and Mao Zedong's rural collective economy thought.Secondly,it examines the development of rural collective economic thinking after the reform and opening up,including Deng Xiaoping's "Two Leaps" thought,Jiang Zemin,Hu Jintao's expositions on rural collective economic thinking,and the requirements of General Secretary Xi Jinping for the development of rural collective economic development in the new era.This is the theoretical starting point of this thesis.The fourth chapter studies the basic course and predicament of the development of rural collective economy in my country.With the reform and opening up in 1978 as an important time point,my country's rural collective economic development has two obvious stages.The first stage was the period of agricultural co-operation under the people's communes from the early 1950 s to1978,and the second stage was the period of household contract responsibility system for the development of the new rural collective economy since the reform and opening up.This paper focuses on the development of the rural collective economy after reform and opening up,and divides it into three stages: 1978-1993,1993-2006,and 2006.It can be seen that the rural collective economy has been in a tortuous state during the more than 40 years of reform and opening up.Development is currently facing great dilemmas,mainly including rural governance problems caused by collective hollowing out,element flow dilemmas caused by lack of property rights,insufficient industrialization development brought about by land fragmentation,and farmers' importation brought about by urbanization.The dilemma of the city.The reasons for these dilemmas are the lack of ideological understanding of the collectivization era,which denies the positive aspects of the people's communalization movement,and the rural collective economy is virtualized in reality;the second is from the internal mechanism of rural collective economic development.From a point of view,after the implementation of the household contract management responsibility system,the role of “separation” was over-emphasized and the role of “unification” was ignored,which led to the over-dispersion of agricultural operations.The majority of rural collective economies suffered from unclear powers and responsibilities,poor management,and accounting.Difficulties and other issues;third,the state's fiscal and agricultural support policies are more focused on increasing farmers' income,and a number of policies have been issued to ensure this.This approach emphasizes individual development but ignores collective development.The fifth chapter is a new exploration of the collective economic development of Tangyue Village.This chapter first introduces the location environment,historical changes,and the current development status of Tangyue Village after the household contract responsibility system.The collective economy of Tangyue Village before 2014 was the same as most ordinary rural areas in China.The development is not as good as some ordinary villages,and they belong to the national second-class poor villages.Then it analyzed that Tangyue Village faced the once-in-a-hundred-year flood disaster.The party members and cadres of the whole village actively led the villagers to rescue themselves,and at the same time,they also promoted the unity of all villagers.They not only completed the task of post-disaster reconstruction,but also realized the whole village With development,the collective economy of Tangyue Village has also revived.The specific method is to establish a "village-community-integrated" land cooperative,carry out the seven-right confirmation in the whole village,formulate village regulations and folk agreements,and strengthen the construction of party branches.This series of methods of developing the rural collective economy has increased farmers' income and revitalized them.The development of rural resources,etc.,thus formed the "Tang Yue Experience".The characteristics of the "Tangyue Experience" are based on the conditions of the village,actively adapting to the requirements of the market economy,and focusing on the development and expansion of the collective economy and the path of common prosperity.Chapter 6 is a political economic analysis of "Tang Yue experience".Tangyue Village can quickly become a sample of comprehensive rural reforms in China.It has its unique experience and practices,which can be summarized as the leadership of party building,the integration of village and community;the simultaneous development of agriculture and labor;the cultivation of rural civilization;the four keys to change when poor.The theoretical and practical value of the "Tang Yue Experience" is not only that it embodies Mao Zedong's thoughts on agricultural cooperation and deepens Deng Xiaoping's "Two Leaps"thoughts,but more importantly,it conforms to the requirements of the new era,adheres to the leadership of the Communist Party of China,and adheres to People-centered and adherence to the direction of common prosperity provide a reference and reference for solving the plight of the rural collective economy.From the perspective of Marxist political economy methodology,"Tangyue experience" is the dialectical unity of productivity and production relations.Tangyue village practice is to adjust production relations to actively adapt to the development of productivity and stimulate the potential of rural collective economic development;"Tangyue experience" Reflecting the dialectical unity of the economic foundation and the superstructure,Tangyue Village insists on the development of rural collective economic ownership,which is the "economic foundation" for the existence of the socialist rural grassroots political power.Adhering to the leadership of the rural grassroots party organization is to adhere to the rural grassroots political power and the "superstructure"."To adhere to the dialectical unity of the two,not only failed to collapse the collective ownership of rural land,but also strengthened the rural collective economy,and all villagers marched together on the road of common prosperity.The seventh chapter is some thoughts on "Tang Yue experience".Its essential feature is to adhere to the socialist road and adhere to the rural collective economic ownership.In response to the academic circles' questioning of "Tang Yue Experience",the article made some analysis and responses.The "Tangyue Experience" is not a way back to the people's communes,nor is it a capitalist privatization road,nor is it an image project for the government to help the poor,but a new exploration of the development of the rural collective economy under the conditions of a real socialist market economy.In the context of the new era,we must take a correct view of the "Tang Yue experience",and it cannot be opposed to reform.For the future development of Tangyue Village,it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between the collective and the individual,the relationship between the collective economy and the household contract responsibility system,and the relationship between democracy and concentration.The eighth chapter looks at the development trend of rural collective economy from "Tang Yue experience".This chapter first analyzes the "Tangyue Experience" that embodies two changes,namely,the transition from excessive decentralization to organization,and the transition from single village development to group development.Secondly,it is proposed that the focus of improving the rural collective economy is to further deepen the reform of the rural economic system,promote the diversified development of rural collective economic forms,and improve the strength of related policies and systems.Finally,it puts forward certain policy recommendations for strengthening the rural collective economy... |
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