Research On The Biodiversity During The Ecological Restoration Process In The Open-pit Bauxite Mine

With global resources, environment and population problem becoming increasingly conspicuous, biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of biological resources become attention of international community and biodiversity research has become one of the hot topics ecology. Open-pit mining directly engulfs a large number of fields and green space, destroyed agricultural ecological environment, which led to abandoned land desertificated and biodiversity reduced or even disappear. Especially in fragile areas in the Karst, the influence on biological diversity of open-pit mining is particularly serious. Under the background of Pingguo aluminum funded projects (GX2008CACC02) and based on the extensive literature and on-the-spot investigation, the paper used the disciplinary theory of biology, ecological restoration, land reclamation, hydrology, systems engineering, fuzzy theoretical and so forth, and used the data processing function of Matlab7.0.From Classification of surface mine reclamation in Karst, the paper elaborates the changes of soil quality during the ecological restoration, and from the species, plant communities, landscape three levels, the paper studies biological diversity on the process of ecological restoration in Pingguo aluminum Area. At last, the paper evaluates the ecosystem health of the mining regions. The main research is as follows:(1)Through experience summary of the Karst open-pit mine land reclamation and ecological rehabilitation, combining ecology rebuilding theory and the existing research results, this paper expounds the Karst open-pit mine ecological reconstruction technique and biodiversity conservation measures. The key techniques of Karst ecological reconstruction of open-pit are land consolidation, land improvement, water supply and drainage and water storage, slope protection, slope treatment and so on. Conservation measures of Karst biodiversity in open-pit mining are mainly based on mining in the life cycle of a series of biodiversity conservation and management measures.(2) Site type is the basic unit of vegetation site classification system. Based on the different site conditions, combining slope aspect, slop and soils (parent material) as the division factors of site type, the paper proposed a method to divide the Karst open-pit mining site type into five parts:sunny and gentle slope of red mud, sunny and gentle slope of mining tailing, sunny and gentle slope of crushed stone with soil, sunny and gentle slope of earth-rock mixture, sunny and steep slope of exposed rock in fractured and weathered materials.(3) The condition of soil quality is related to maintain production and biodiversity benign development in the interface of ecosystem. The paper used Fuzzy comprehensive assessment, analyzing the soil quality in high-efficiency reclamation demonstration area, and got the following concludes:economic crop>cane> cassava> vegetables> eucalyptus. From the index measurements of soil quality in different site type, the paper got the conclusion:sunny and gentle slope of the red mud> sunny and gentle slope of earth-rock mixture> sunny and gentle slope of slime> sunny and gentle slope of coal cinder yard> sunny and steep slope of exposed rock and weathered materials.(4)Biological diversity is an extremely complicated system engineering, due to restriction of time, technology and equipment conditions, it was difficult to collect relevant data. During the study of biodiversity in ecological restoration, the paper only referred to three dimensions:species diversity, ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity. In the study of species diversity and ecosystem diversity, the paper only focused on plant diversity condition, and hasn't referred to the study of genetic, animal and microbial diversity.(5)Species diversity is the center of biological diversity, the comprehensive evaluation of species diversity in mining area should take into account many factors. The paper mainly analyzed species diversity index, ecological niche, inter-specific association and succession species group and so forth, as well as used Gleason index, Simpon index and Shannon-Wiener index to calculate the plant species diversity. Through calculation the index of Levins niche breadth and Pianka niche overlap, function relationship and faction between plant populations could be analyzed. Combined the value of association x2 and species characteristics, the deferent restoration succession series could be divided into declining species, bridging species, and progressive species.(6)Classification and ordination of plant communities was the basic research of population diversity to recognize plants in some specified region, and community diversity was the core study of ecosystem diversity. The plant community was divided based on TWINSPAN during ecological restoration of Pingguo bauxite mine, using importance value formula to calculate the importance value of different species, analyzing the species branch characteristics and the structure of life style of plant community species. Based on the similarity coefficient of community and?-diversity, variation characteristics of plant community species were analyzed.(7)The paper used the measure method of landscape diversity to analyze landscape diversity, then simulated and predicted the dynamic state of landscape. The open-pit bauxite mines were laid in underdeveloped economy places of the western region, the land was still the survival of important resources to local farmers, and land use structure after reclamation played an important role in society, economy, and balanced development of ecology. Finally land utilization status was analyzed by the land utilization economical ecological niche models.(8)Mining ecological system is a multiple system integrated by society, economy, and ecology. The situation of mining district's society and economy has a great influence on whether the biodiversity can be fully protected and the ecosystem can be developed healthily. Through constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system of ecosystem's health, this paper has explored the present situation, the trends, and the stability of mining integrated ecosystem by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, Daniel trend function value and fractal theory respectively. Finally, the complex ecosystem health is comprehensively evaluated to make a diagnosis, which providing a theoretical and practical basement to recover mining district's ecosystem and biodiversity.