Evaluation Of Fufang Bingpeng Irrigant As Endodontic Irrigant During Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation

Purpose:The antimicrobial test,cell cytotoxicity test,cleaning test,PCR and highthroughput sequencing analyses were used to evaluate the potential of Fufang Bingpeng irrigant as root canal irrigant.Methods:1.The agar dilution method was used to observe the antimicrobial activity of Fufang Bingpeng irrigant,Bingpeng irrigant.Sodium hypochlorite irrigant(NaClO)against selected endodontic pathogens(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Prevotella intermedius,Fusobacterium nucleatum,Enterococcus faecalis).Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were performed.2.Forty freshly extracted single-rooted premolars were collected and divided into four experimental groups of ten specimens each.During instrumentation the S3Ni-Ti files,the crown-down preparation and four irrigants were used.The irrigation modality varied as follows:group A,5 ml of Fufang Bingpeng irrigant;group B,5 ml of Bingpeng irrigant;group C,2.5 ml of 5.25%NaClO+2.5 ml of 17%EDTA;and group D,5 ml of 0.9%NaCl irrigant.Completion of irrigation of each group was followed by a final flush of 3 ml of NaCl irrigant.The debris scores were calculated by digital photographing and scanning electron microscopic photomicrographs were evaluated for the mean number of visible open dentinal tubules in the apical and middle thirds of the root canals.3.L929 fibroblasts were cultured in vitro.Cells were acted on by three irrigants for 30 min,1 hours,6 hours and 12 hours.Group A: Fufang Bingpeng irrigant;Group B:Bingpeng irrigant;Group C:NaClO.The culture medium was as the control group.The MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic action.4.Forty single-rooted teeth with chronic periapical periodontitis in forty patients were randomly divided into four experimental groups of ten specimens each.Duringinstrumentation,the crown-down preparation and four irrigants were used.The irrigants modality varies as follows: group A:Fufang Bingpeng irrigates(FBI);group B:Bingpeng irrigates(BI);group C:Sodium hypochlorite(NaClO);group D: 0.9%NaCl irrigant.The liquid samples were obtained from each root canal and were examined for anaerobic bacteria colony before and after root canal preparation,PCR and high-throughput sequencing were used to compare the relative bacterial number and microbial composition in the root canals.Results:Our in vitro results showed a low minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of Fufang Bingpeng irrigant against Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277(6.25 and 12.5%,respectively),Prevotella intermedius ATCC 25611(6.25 and 6.25%,respectively),Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25286(6.25 and 6.25%,respectively),Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433(25and 25%,respectively),and Bacteriodes fragilis ATCC 25285(12.5 and 12.5%,respectively).Furthermore,it effectively removed the remaining debris and increased the number of open dentinal tubules in root canals compared to the NaCl irrigant(p <0.05).Fufang Bingpeng irrigant also presented low cytotoxicity to L929 cells compared to the NaClO irrigant.The in vivo results indicated that all irrigants used significantly reduced the number of bacteria compared to the number prior to treatment,and only 1/104.95 bacteria remained in the root canal following the use of Fufang Bingpeng irrigant(p < 0.001).Moreover,high-throughput sequencing results indicated that the Fufang Bingpeng irrigant resulted in a marked reduction in Fusobacterium,Enterococcus and Pseudoramibacter at the genus level,while NaClO irrigant resulted in a marked reduction in Fusobacterium,Enterococcus.All irrigants markedly reduced Prevotella in the root canal compared to the before preparation control group.Conclusions:Fufang Bingpeng irrigant presents a promising alternative for use as a root canal irrigant in clinical settings.