| In recent years,heavy haze pollution incidents have occurred frequently in China and even have spread to most parts of the country,which poses great harm to the public’s physical and mental health,commuting as well as the sound development of the nation economy.Thus,it is of great significance to study the distribution of haze in China and to accurately identify the influencing factors of haze spreading in order to conduct targeted treatments.A large quantity of researches revealed that spatial factors play an important role on the study of environmental economic issues,and the focus of the study is to figure out whether there is a close relationship between the degree of haze pollution and the level of haze pollution in the neighboring areas.Human factors such as water flow,wind direction and other natural factors as well as industrial transfer are likely to deepen the spatial spillover of haze pollution between regions.The unbounded and spilled nature of haze pollution exacerbates the difficulty of haze control,making haze prevention and control no longer the responsibility of a single government-specific functional department,but an inter-reginal coordinated governance.Therefore,the urgent topics in academic community including clarifying the basic concept of haze pollution,analyzing the current status and characteristics of haze pollution,exploring the socio-economic factors of haze pollution and proposing relevant policy recommendations for prevention are the key entry points for achieving coordinated development of economic growth and environmental protection.In view of this,the paper takes the influence of environmental regulation,industrial structure and energy structure on haze pollution as the research topic.Firstly,theoretically analyze and construct a conceptual framework model of industrial structure and energy structure that affects haze pollution and its spatial spillover from the perspective of environmental regulation.Secondly,based on relevant statistical data,use the spatial measurement analysis method to study the current status and spatial correlation of haze pollution.Then,combined with semi-parametric space vector auto regression,empirically test the influence which energy consumption industry and industrial structure exert on haze pollution and its spatial spillover.On this basis,two interactions-environmental regulation and industrial structure interaction,environmental regulation and energy structure-are further introduced,and the role of these variables in adjusting the relationship between environmental regulation,industrial structure and energy structure on haze pollution as well as its spillover is discussed in depth.The paper also explores the non-linear effects between haze pollution and economic development,and provides relevant policy recommendations for the control of haze pollution.The main research contents and research results of the paper are as follows:1.Using the theoretical model deduction and normative analysis method to analyze and construct the theatrical framework of energy consumption and economic openness to influence haze pollution.On the one hand,from the space spillover,the paper studied the effects of the dual effects of industrial structure and energy consumption structure in the smog pollution and its spillover.On the other hand,analyze the internal mechanism of environmental regulation on industrial structure and energy consumption structure,then establish the local government’s environmental regulation competition model,judge the local government’s countermeasures according to environmental regulations under different circumstances,and analyze energy consumption under environmental regulation,figure out the impact of structure and industrial structure on smog pollution and its spillage.2.Based on satellite data,the PM2.5 population weighted concentration values from 1998 to 2016 were produced to analyze the status of smog pollution in the global,China and eastern,central and western regions.The local spatial correlation index analysis method is used simultaneously to study the spatial correlation of smog pollution.The research indicates that globally,smog pollution has been concentrated in Asia,Africa and Europe for the past 10 years.While the areas with the most serious haze pollution in China are mainly concentrated in North China,East China and Central China.Plus,there is obvious spatial spillover characteristics of haze pollution in China,which means the haze pollution in an area will profoundly affect the level of haze pollution in the surrounding areas.According to the research,compared to the less developed areas in the central and western regions,the air pollution spillover effect in the eastern region is stronger.3.Applying the semi-parametric lag measurement method to empirically test the spatial spillover of smog pollution.The study found that the haze pollution in China owns a positive spillover effect,which means the haze pollution level of one area will affect the level of haze pollution in its surrounding areas.Compared to the less-developed area-the central and western China-the most serious spillover effect of haze pollution emerged in eastern China.As a result,when introducing relevant pollution control policies,the government must pay attention to the spatial spill over effects of smog pollution,not only to encourage the development of economy,but also to strengthen reginal linkages between the provinces,and ultimately achieve effective treatment of pollution.4.Using the semi-parametric spatial global vector autoregressive analysis method,the paper is framed by the environmental Kuznets curve to analyse the impact of industrial structure adjustment on smog pollution and its spatial spill over.The research shows that optimizing the industrial structure which is mainly composed of heavy industry will reduce haze pollution in its own area and the surrounding regions,and this will further exert the positive spillover effects of the haze pollution regulating.As for the region,compared with the less developed areas in the central and western regions,the air pollution spillover effect in the eastern region is stronger,and the optimization of industrial structure has a greater impact on haze pollution and its spillover effects.5.Using the semi-parametric spatial global vector autoregressive analysis method,the influence of energy consumption structure on smog pollution and its spatial spill over is discussed and analysed from the perspective of spatial correlation.The study indicates that optimizing the coal-based energy consumption structure will also reduce haze pollution in the region and its surrounding areas and will develop the positive spillover effects of haze pollution.Regionally,regardless the eastern,central or the western area,optimizing the energy structure will exert a great impact on the regulation of haze pollution and its spillover effects.Therefore,the energy structure adjustment is urgently needed in various regions of China to reduce haze pollution in the region and its surrounding areas.6.Introducing the interaction factor between environmental regulation and industrial structure,and the interaction factor between environmental regulation and energy consumption structure.Using spatial Dubbin model to empirically test the effects of China’s industrial structure and energy consumption structure on smog pollution and special spillover under environmental regulation.The study found: On the one hand,environmental regulation can reduce haze pollution in the region,and on the other hand,optimize the energy consumption structure and industrial structure of the region,and further reduce the haze pollution in the surrounding area and its own region.The environmental regulations from local government wills contribute to the haze pollution of the region.As the surrounding regional governments adopt the imitation of environmental regulation strategies to reduce the haze pollution in their regions,the positive spillover effects of the haze pollution regulations will be strengthened,which is conducive to regional coordinated prevention and control.Under the system of fiscal decentralization,local governments have formulated strategies for environmental regulation competition by weighing their own environmental regulation benefits and costs,especially in some pollutants with large spillover effects(such as haze).7.Using the semi-parametric measurement method,framed by the environmental Kuznets curve,the paper empirically tests the non-linear effects of haze pollution and economic growth.The study shows that there is a U-shaped curve relationship between haze pollution and economic growth.Most provinces except the economically developed cities,such as Beijing and Shanghai,are still at a stage where the degree of haze pollution increases as the economic growth.The U-shaped relationship shows that although the economic development in most parts of China still aggravates the haze pollution,when the economy reaches a certain degree,such as Beijing and Shanghai,the economic advantage will drive the technological development,which will effectively prevent the haze pollution. |
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