A Study On The Affecting Factors And Relation Of Quality Of Life And Loneliness In Rural Population In Liaoning Province

Objective:China is a populous country with a large number of people living in the countryside.In 40 years of reform and opening up,China's rural industries have developed vigorously,and the changes in rural areas such as roads,transportation,housing and education have been particularly prominent.The basic needs of life have been greatly satisfied,and more emphases have been put on the health-related issues of rural population.The quality of life of every individual in the rural population seriously affects the strength of national development as an agricultural power,hence,the study on the affecting factors and relation of quality of life and loneliness in rural population is particularly important.It is rich in the quality of life connotation.As a matter of fact,it is people's feelings and understanding of their own living conditions,including mental health,physiological health,and social relations.There are many factors affecting the quality of life,among which,chronic diseases and economic income have become two major factors.The economic development has made people pursue higher quality of life and have strong requirements for the improvement of their own quality of life.With the progress of science and technology and economy,the role of psychological factors in the quality of life is emerging.At the same time,some studies have shown that the richness of material life has made people mentally empty.One of the problems caused by the social progress is that the distance between people is increasing and the sense of loneliness in people's hearts is stronger.This study selected the rural population as the research object,from the psychological point of view,Starting with different demographic characteristics,different lifestyles and different health conditions to study the quality of life of the rural population,the status quo and factors affecting loneliness,and to study the impact of loneliness on the quality of life of the population and the relationship between them.It aims to better grasp the important factors that affect the quality of life in today's society,provide evidence for the formulation of health policies and the rational use of health resources,and contribute to improving the quality of life of the rural population and narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas.Objects and Methods:In this study,stratified random sampling was used to study rural population in Liaoning province.In April 2017 to August,15 villages and towns of Dandong city in liaoning province and three streets random rural community residents were selected as the research objects of this study,under the premise of the understanding of respondents read and agreed to fill out the questionnaire of the cross-sectional survey.A total of 1580 questionnaires were sent out and 1422 valid questionnaires were collected.The effective recovery rate was 90.69%.The content mainly includes three parts: general situation questionnaire,determination of the world health organization quality of life scale short form(WHOQOL BREF)and UCLA loneliness scale.The investigator shall be trained before the investigation,and a self-filled questionnaire shall be used.In special cases,the investigator may conduct a face-to-face questionnaire survey after reading and understanding the questionnaire and giving informed consent.The inclusion criteria of the study subjects were: 1.Local residents or long-term residents;2.Rural household registration;3.No cognitive impairment;4.Informed consent to participate in this study.The data analysis of this study is divided into three parts.First,the reliability and validity of each scale are calculated,analyzed and discussed by using Kelongbahe coefficient,exploratory factor analysis,correlation analysis,etc...Then,the life quality and loneliness of the rural population were described,and the main affecting factors of life quality and loneliness were analyzed by T test,variance analysis and multiple linear regression statistical methods.Using structural equation model to model and verify the quality of life,loneliness and demographic characteristics of rural people to explore the relationship between quality of life,loneliness and demographic characteristics.All data in this study were entered and analyzed by SPSS 17.0,and the structural equation model was analyzed by Amos 17.0.Results:The total number of rural people in the survey was 1,422,the consistency within the WHO QOL-BREF scale was 0.947,and the Cronbach's ? coefficient in the four fields of physiology,psychology,social relations and the environment was 0.786,0.836,0.877,and 0.877,respectively.The exploratory factor analysis showed that the KMO test was 0.950,and the approximate card square of Bartlett's spherical test was 276,indicating that the scale was suitable for factor analysis.Factor analysis extracts four common factors,which are the same as the dimensions of the scale.The cumulative variance contribution rate is 67.72%,which explains 67.72% of the variation.The NCS scale showed good validity.The consistency of Cronbach's ? coefficient within the UCLA loneliness gauge is 0.838,indicating that the reliability of this scale is higher.The main factors affecting the quality of life were analyzed by T test and variance analysis.The results showed that the quality of life of men in rural areas of Liaoning was lower than that of women.The quality of life score in the 18-35 age group is the highest,and with age,the quality of life score decreases first and then rises gradually;The quality of life scores of primary school and below are the lowest,and the other academic scores are higher with the higher level of education.The quality of life score was highest among unmarried people,followed by married people,and the lowest among divorced or widowed people.The quality of life of people living with their families is higher than that of people who do not live with their families;The quality of life score of people with a per capita monthly income of less than 500 yuan is the lowest.With the increase of per capita monthly income of families,the quality of life score in four fields has gradually become higher;The quality of life score of people who exercise is higher than that of people who do not exercise.The quality of life of people with good sleep condition was higher than that of people with poor sleep condition.The quality of life score of the traumatized population is lower than that of the non-traumatized population;The quality of life scores of people with chronic diseases are lower than those without chronic diseases.The statistical results of multiple linear regression show that sleep condition,income,education,type of residence,physical exercise,age,mental trauma and illnessare are the factors that affect the quality of life physiology.Sleep condition,education,type of residence,illness,mental trauma,sex,physical exercise and income are the factors that affect the psychological field of quality of life.Sleep condition,income,education,mental trauma,type of residence,sex,age and physical exercise are the affecting factors in the field of quality of life social relations.Sleep condition,education,income,physical exercise,type of residence and mental trauma are the influencing factors in the field of quality of life and environment.The main affecting factors of loneliness were analyzed by T test and variance analysis.The results showed that the male loneliness score was higher than female.Loneliness scores are highest in the 18-35 age group,and loneliness is strongest.With age,loneliness scores decrease first and then rise.The 35-50 age group is at the bottom;The loneliness score of smokers was higher than that of non-smokers.The loneliness score of drinking group was higher than that of non-drinking group.Those who did not live with their families scored higher than those who lived with their families;The loneliness score of the people who exercise is higher than that of those who do not exercise.People with good sleep status scored less loneliness than those with poor sleep.People with mental trauma score higher than those without mental trauma;People with chronic illness scored higher on loneliness than those without chronic illness.The statistical results of multivariate linear regression show that sleep condition,mental trauma,age,alcohol consumption,residence type,education and physical exercise are the influencing factors of loneliness.Using structural equation model to model the quality of life,loneliness,and demographic characteristics,the results show that there is a significant negative correlation between loneliness and the dimensions of quality of life.The factor load is-0.42.The quality of sleep was positively correlated with the quality of life,with a factor load of 0.15;The basic characteristics of education,age,and per capita monthly income of the family can be negatively related to the quality of life,factor load-0.29,mental trauma and illness can form a negative correlation between physical and mental health and quality of life,factor load-0.23.Conclusions:1.Overall,the WHOQOL-BREF scale and the UCLA isolation profile used in this study have good reliability and validity.2.The quality of life of rural women,aged 18-35,highly educated,unmarried,living with their families,with high income,exercising,sleeping well,with no mental trauma or chronic diseases,has a higher quality of life and a better quality of life.3.The main factors affecting the quality of life of the rural population are age,education,income,type of residence,sleep condition,physical exercise,mental trauma and illness.4.The rural population who have poor sleep quality,mental trauma,aged 18-35,drinking,living with no family,physical exercise score higher and have a strong sense of loneliness.5.Factors affecting loneliness include sleep condition,mental trauma,age,alcohol consumption,residence type,education and physical exercise.6.The quality of life in rural areas is negatively related to loneliness,which affects the quality of life of individuals together with other factors such as sleep,education,age,family income,illness,and trauma.7.It provides a basis for formulating health policies and rational use of health resources,and contributes to improving the quality of life of rural people and narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas.