| Objective:To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its association factors in Chongqing,and to analyze the relationship between overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,sleep time and hypertension,and provide evidence for prevention and treatment of hypertension.Method:The survey was conducted in Chongqing from September2012 to December 2014.The stratified multi-stage random cluster sampling principle was used to randomly select 4 districts and 4 counties in Chongqing.After that,two simple streets/townships were selected in the district/county to be drawn by the simple random sampling method(SRS).Then,using SRS,three resident committees/village committees were selected in the extracted streets/townships.Finally,in the selected neighborhood committee/village committee,the SRS method is used to extract the corresponding number of individuals according to gender and age group.Finally,15280 patients were enrolled in the study.Basic data were collected through questionnaires and physical examinations.The personal questionnaire is divided into two parts.The first part investigates the basic situation of the individual,including age,gender,ethnicity,occupation,education status,and marital status.The second part investigates personal habits and disease history,including smoking,drinking,diet,physical activity,sleep time,etc.,as well as medical history and family history of hypertension,coronary heart disease,and stroke.Physical examination includes measurements of blood pressure,waist circumference,height,weight,body fat,and the like.The acquired data were analyzed and analyzed.The continuous variables were compared by two-sided unpaired student t test or Wilcoxon test,and the categorical variables were compared by chi-square test.Multivariate analysis was performed using a multivariate logistic regression model.Result:(1)A total of 15,280 residents were included in the study,including 7,518 urban residents(49.2%)and 7762(50.8%)rural residents.There are 7599 men(49.7%)and 7681 women(50.3%).The average age was 45.21±19.44 years.The total prevalence of hypertension in the sample population was 20.7%,the female prevalence rate was 21.1%,and the male was 20.3%.The overall prevalence of hypertension increased with age(P<0.05).The prevalence of hypertension in the urban age group younger than 44 years was higher in men than in women(P<0.05).The prevalence of hypertension in the rural age group younger than 24 years was higher in men than in women(P<0.05).The overall prevalence of hypertension in rural areas was higher than in urban areas(P<0.05).(2)Age,ethnicity,area of residence,education level,marital status,working status,salt intake,heart rate,BMI,waist circumference,sleep time were associated with hypertension(P<0.05).(3)The prevalence of overweight,obesity,and abdominal obesity in the sample population was 27.9%,7.5%,and 33.9%,respectively.The prevalence of overweight,obesity,and abdominal obesity in men was28.5%,6.2%,and 28.5%,respectively,and women were 27.3%,8.8%,and39.2%,respectively.The prevalence of overweight,obesity,and abdominal obesity among urban residents was higher than that of rural residents(P<0.05),and the rate of abdominal obesity in women was higher than that in rural areas(P<0.05).More than half of male and female retirees were abdominal obesity,and the proportion of retirees was higher than that of other employment status participants(P<0.05).(4)In the age group of 35 to 44 years old,men(23.4%)and women(20.5%)had the highest prevalence of overweight.The highest prevalence of obesity in men(29.5%)occurred in the 35-44 age group,and the highest prevalence of obesity in women(26.1%)occurred in the 45-54 age group.The highest prevalence of abdominal obesity in men(24.6%)was in the35-44 age group,and the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity in women(18.6%)was in the 45-54 age group.(5)Overall,the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in overweight and obese people was higher than that of normal body reorganization,and the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in abdominal obesity was higher than that in non-abdominal obesity group.The prevalence of hypertension in the obese group was higher than that in the overweight and body mass index(BMI)<24kg/m~2 group.The pre-hypertension and hypertension prevalence in the abdominal obesity group were higher than those in the non-recombinant group.Abdominal obesity group.In men,the pre-hypertension and hypertension prevalence rates in the overweight and obese groups were higher than those in the BMI<24kg/m~2 group(P<0.05).In the 45-54 year old male group,the prevalence of hypertension in the obese group was nearly twice as high as in the BMI<24kg/m~2 group(27.7%vs 12.8%).Among women,the pre-hypertension rate in the overweight and obese groups was higher than that in the BMI<24kg/m~2 group(P<0.05).(6)Logistic regression analysis adjusted for multiple factors(region,age,education status,employment status,smoking,alcohol consumption,salt intake)showed that overweight,obesity,and abdominal obesity were risk factors for prehypertension and hypertension.Based on this cross-sectional data,it was found that the pre-hypertension risk of overweight may be 1.724 times that of BMI<24kg/m~2 group,the OR(95%CI)was 1.724(1.569-1.894),and the risk of hypertension may be2.167timesofBMI<24kg/m~2group,theOR(95%CI)was2.167(1.933-2.430).The pre-hypertension risk in the obese group may be2.36 times that of the BMI<24kg/m~2 group,the OR(95%CI)was2.36(1.971-2.828),and the risk of hypertension may be 3.86 times that of the BMI<24kg/m~2 group,the OR(95%CI)was 3.86(3.169-4.689).Compared with NAO participants,the risk of prehypertension in the abdominal obesity group may be 1.17 times higher than that in the NAO group,the OR(95%CI)was 1.17(1.062-1.277),and the risk of hypertension may be 1.61 times than that in the NAO group,the OR(95%CI)was1.61(1.441-1.805).(7)Among the population with sleep time<6h,6h≤sleep time≤8h,>8h,the prevalence of hypertension was 40.3%,20.9%,and 15.9%,respectively.With the shortening of sleep time,the prevalence of hypertension increased.With the increase of age,the prevalence of hypertension increased gradually,and the difference between the ages was statistically significant(P<0.005).There is no difference in the prevalence between genders.(8)Based on this cross-sectional data,after adjusting for age,logistic regression analysis showed that with<6 hours as the control group,the risk of hypertension may increase with the reduction of sleep time.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),The OR(95%CI)of the6h≤sleep time≤8h group was 0.786(0.680-0.908);the OR(95%CI)of the sleep time>8h group was 0.711(0.606-0.834).However,logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for factors such as age,gender,ethnicity,and salt intake.There was no significant correlation between sleep time and hypertension in each group(P>0.05).Conclusion:(1)The prevalence of hypertension in Chongqing population was 20.7%,the female prevalence rate was 21.1%,the male prevalence rate was 20.3%,the urban prevalence rate was 17.6%,the rural prevalence rate was 23.6%,and the rural population was higher than the city.(2)Age,ethnicity,area of residence,education,marital status,work status,salt intake,heart rate,BMI,waist circumference,sleep time were associated with high blood pressure.(3)Overweight,obesity,and abdominal obesity are common among adults in Southwest China.The burden of overweight,obesity,and abdominal obesity in Chongqing is severe,with prevalence rates of 27.9%,7.5%,and 33.9%,respectively.This study suggests that both male and female retirees have a higher proportion of abdominal obesity than other employment status participants.Men aged 35-44 and women aged 45-54are high-risk people with overweight,obesity,and abdominal obesity.(4)Both BMI and WC are important factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension.The prevalence of hypertension and hypertension in overweight and obese people was higher than that in normal body reorganization,and the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in abdominal obesity was higher than that in non-abdominal obesity group.(5)Overweight and obesity are independent risk factors for hypertension.Based on this cross-sectional data,it was found that the pre-hypertension risk of overweight may be 1.724 times that of BMI<24kg/m~2 group,and the risk of hypertension may be 2.167 times of BMI<24 kg/m~2 group.The pre-hypertension risk in the obese group may be 2.36times that of the BMI<24 kg/m~2 group,and the risk of hypertension may be 3.86 times that of the BMI<24 kg/m~2 group.Compared with NAO participants,the risk of prehypertension in the abdominal obesity group may be 1.17 times higher than that in the NAO group,and the risk of hypertension may be 1.61 times that in the NAO group.(6)In people over 15 years old in Chongqing,the shortening of sleep time is related to the increase of the prevalence of hypertension.The relationship between sleep time and hypertension is not affected by gender and age. |
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