The Ancient Literature Research On Regulation Of Syndrome-treatment Of Shallow Filiform Needling Therapy

Objective:Based on the ancient literature,this paper studies the shallow filiform needling therapy from four aspects,includes its theorization,the regulation of acupoints and meridians,the main methods of shallow needling,and regulation of its sydromes and disease.To summarize,compare,analyze and discuss the theoretical basis and clinical application rules of shallow needling in different periods and dynasties.Based on these studies,to explore the regulations of syndrome and treatment of shallow filiform needling therapy,and to provide the basis for clinical research.Methods:In this study,bibliography is used to search,select and collect the literatures which are related to“shallow needling therapy”in ancient times.Traditional philology is used to sort and classify the collected ancient literatures.Using the historiography to explore the development of shallow needling therapy from the perspective of academic history.The ancient literatures are analyzed from the view of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Theory with the method of theoretical analysis and review.By using statistical methods and computer technology,the quantities of ancient literatures and the distribution features of literatures are compared and analyzed in a horizontal and vertical view,and the established literatures’ databases are statistically analyzed.Results:1.The characteristics of shallow filiform needling therapy in the periods of Warring States and Qin Han:the theory:originated in the Inner Canon of Huangdi and Nanjing,contains theories of cutaneous regions,meridians and collaterals,muscle regions,acupoints and Ying-wei.Acupoint selection and distribution features of meridians:in this period,the shallow needling aimes at acupoints are mainly at the claws and nails of the limbs,shallow needling aimes at meridians reflects the characteristics that the depth of shallow needling on the meridians of the upper limbs and Yin meridians of the lower limbs should be light.The shallow filiform needling methods:shallow needling mainly includes single way,multiple way,straight way and horizontal way.The latter two belong to the epidermal needling,which are established in the Jin and Yuan dynasties.Sydromes regulation of filiform shallow needling:It is used to treat medical and surgical diseases.Medical diseases are dominated by diseases with light position,and disease with heat and fever.Surgical disease is superficial carbuncle pus.Shallow Needling in this period focuses on the theoretical basis.2.Characteristics of shallow filiform needling therapy in Jin and Tang dynasties:Theoretical basis:based on Inner Canon of Huangdi and Nanjing,the theories of shallow filiform needling therapy at the early times are either directly compiled or arranged according categories,and the theories of acupoint and acupoint-indications is fastly developed in this period,and the theoretical system of "acupoint-meridian-indications" is established.Acupoint selection and distribution law of meridians:the proportion of acupoints fit for using shallow needling accounted for nearly 9%of all recorded acupoints,mostly in upper limbs,lower limbs,head and neck,with specific points accounting for more than 85%,including five transport point,yuan-primary point,luo-connecting point and crossing point.The meridians used by shallow filiform needling therapy are mainly Yang meridians(Taiyang meridians and Shaoyang meridians),and the mainly Yin meridian is Hand-taiyin meridian.The method of shallow filiform needling therapy:it is the same as the previous,including single way,multiple way and straight way.Sydromes regulation of shallow needling:it contains internal,external,gynecological,pediatric,otolaryngology,ophthalmology,a total of more than 20 categories and 50 kinds of diseases,including limb meridian syndrome,hepatobiliary syndrome,lung syndrome;arthralgia syndrome,cardialgia,cough,asthma,spasm syndrome are most suitable for shallow needling thrapy.In this period,the acupoint theory and the development of acupoint indications are emphasized.3.Characteristics of shallow filiform needling therapy in Song Jin and Yuan dynasties:Theoretical basis:on the basis of previous theories,the relevant contents of acupoint indications are further enriched,the correlation among acupoints,meridians and viscera are strengthened,and the theoretical system of“acupoint-meridian-viscera-indications”is gradually improved.Acupoint selection and distribution law of meridians:the proportion of acupoints fit for using filiform shallow needling in all acupoints is still stable(in the range of 10%-15%),the characteristics of acupoints’ locations are basically the same as those in the early stage,mainly in the limbs,head and neck,the proportion of specific point is more than 60%,the category of specific points increased by xi-cleft point,and the number of five tranport points is the most.The meridians used by shallow needling thrapy are still dominated by the Yang meridians(the Taiyang meridians and the Shaoyang meridians),and the Hand-taiyin meridian is still the Yin meridian mainly used by shallow needling.Shallow filiform needling methods:on the basis of regular shallow needling in the early stage,the puncture along surface skin is added to enrich the shallow filiform needling therapy.The characteristics of different needling methods are different.Sydromes regulation of shallow filiform needling therapy:it can be used to treat more than 20 kinds of sydromes and more than 80 kinds of diseases including internal,external,gynecological,pediatric,otorhinolaryngology and ophthalmology,mainly including disease of body meridians,disease of liver-gallbladder,disease of heart system,disease of spleen and stomach and exogenous disease.Arthralgia sydromes,malaria,exogenous fever,headache and epilepsy are most suitable for shallow filiform needling therapy.In this period,the focus of shallow needling is on the establishment and clinical application of the puncture along surface skin.4.Characteristics of shallow filiform needling therapy in Ming and Qing dynasties:theoretical basis:based on previous theories,the indications of acupoints with the puncture along surface skin are greatly developed,the theorical system of shallow needling based on "acupoint-meridian-viscera-disease-acupuncture and moxibustion" is gradually improved.Acupoint selection and distribution of meridian:different shallow filforms needling methods have different characteristics.The regular shallow needling has the characteristics inherited from the previous.The puncture along surface skin has different features:the number of acupoints is obviously more than previous,over 20%of the total acupoints recorded at that time are fit for puncture along surface skin.The locations of acupoints are also different,mainly distributed in the head and neck,back,chest,legs,stomach,most of them locate in the head and neck,back and chest.52.9%of the acupoints are specific points,the type of specific points increased by back shu-transport point and front mu-alarm point.The priority of specific points are still five-transport points,crossing point,back shu-point.The meridians used by shallow needling thrapy are still dominated by the Yang meridians(especially foot-taiyang meridian).Shallow filiform needling method:on the basis of the shallow needling in the early stage,the puncture along the surface skin is well-developed.The method,the location,the acupoints of puncture along the surface skin are increased,which reflects the characteristics of choosing the direction and distance according to different diseases.Sydromes regulation of shallow needling:it can be used to treat more than 30 kinds of sydromes and more than 160 kinds of diseases including internal,external,gynecological,pediatric,otorhinolaryngology and ophthalmology,mainly including disease of body meridians,disease of liver-gallbladder,disease of heart system,disease of spleen and stomach and throat disease.Arthralgia sydromes,headache,malaria,cardialgia and pharyngitis are most suitable for shallow filiform needling therapy.In this period,the improvement of routine acupoints’ indications and the development of puncture along the surface skin are two main aspects emphasized.Conclusion:1.The theoretical systm of shallow filiform needling therapy:originated in the Inner Canon of Huangdi and Nanjing,contains theories of cutaneous regions,meridians and collaterals,muscle regions,acupoints Ying-wei.To adjust the state of Qi and Blood,the state of meridians and collaterals,the state of viscera on the basis of needling skin,collaterals,muscle region,meridians and superficial channel Qi.In Jin and Tang dynasties,with the development of acupoints’ indications and techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion,shallow filiform needling therapy gradually improved to clinical applications.In the Song,Jin and Yuan dynasties,the further development of acupoint indications and the establishment of puncture along the surface skin enrich the shallow filiform needling therapy,extend the scope of its application.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,on the basis of the previous literature,the summary of clinical practice and experiences,the theoretical system of shallow filiform needling therapy are improved.2.Acupoint selection and distribution law of meridians:acupoints those suitable for shallow filiform needling are distributed in all parts of the body,mainly in the limbs and head and neck.Puncture along surface skin are widely used in trunk.The specific points contain five-transport points,yuan-primary points,luo-connecting points,crossing points,xi-creft points,front mu-alarm points,back shu-transport points,eight influential points and eight confluence points.The meridians of the shallow needling are mainly Yang meridians,with the Taiyang meridians as the main one,while the shallow meridian of the Yin meridian is the hand-Taiyin.3.The methods of shallow filiform needling:There are two main methods:regular shallow needling and puncture along surface skin.The depth and level of acupuncture are clear,acupuncture levels are located only in the skin or subcutaneous,will not into the muscle layer and the vertical depth is no more than two points.Compared with these two methods,the puncture along surface skin has the characteristics of small needling angle and more stimulation areas and ranges.4.Sydromes and treatment regulation of shallow filiform needling therapy:There are different rules of syndrome-treatment regulations for different parts.Those regulations mainly reflect the local and nearby therapeutic effect,remote therapeutic effect,special therapeutic effect,the regulation of treating disease by the meridians,regulation of treating disease by body position.Besides,shallow filiform needling therapy is also helpful in curing disease involved in the channel which originated from Inner Canon of Huangdi.It also includes the characteristics of specific points for the treatment of diseases.Generally speaking,the treatment of diseases with the shallow filiform needling therapy has the characteristics of pain,arthralgia,cold and heat,mainly including body-meridian disease,exogenous disease,ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology disease,which reflects the treatment of exterior syndrome,heat syndrome,as well as the treatment of viscera disease,emotional disease and systemic disease.