| ObjectiveThis article first analyzed 617 kinds of Chinese herbs which were completely recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Edition 2010,book 1)from aspects of attribute,flavor,meridian tropism and efficacy.Then it found 175 kinds of spleen-invigorating Chinese herbs were notably different in medicinal frequency.In these 175 kinds of herbs,the quantity of spleen invigorating herbs of warm attribute(warm,76 kinds;slightly warm,12 kinds;50.29%)was highest,mild attribute(35 kinds;20.00%)second,cold attribute(cold,15 kinds;slightly cold,9 kinds;13.71%)third,hot attribute(hot,14 kinds;slightly hot,2 kinds;9.14%)was fourth and cool attribute(12 kinds;6.86%)was least.All these data showed that herbs of warm or hot attribute were more effective than those of cold or cool attribute.They were in accordance with the physiological characteristics of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory of spleen preferring dryness to moisture.At the same time,combined with the efficacy knowledge unit of semantic analysis,it found that in 175 kinds of spleen-invigorating herbs,the proportion of tonifying herbs with "tonifying" as efficacy knowledge unit was 66.86%and herbs of expelling dampness and phlegm with "dampness and phlegm" as efficacy knowledge unit 57.14%.The rank ordering of efficacy knowledge unit with herbs amount more than 10 and frequency more than 50%was as follows:tonifying spleen(18/18,account for 100.00%),normalizing stomach(16/20,80.00%),expelling pathogenic damp(20/30,66.67%),tonifying qi((10/15,66.67%),promoting qi(21/32,65.63%),expelling pathogenic cold(15/23,65.22%),arresting discharge(12/19,63.16%).Selecting 549 pieces of prescriptions for spleen deficiency from Chinese prescription database and 69 pieces from Li Dongyuan’ s Treatjse on Spleen and Stomach and Differentiation on Endogenous and Exogenous Diseases and The Precious Mirror of Hygiene of Luo Tianyi,52 kinds of most common used spleen-invigorating herbs from prescriptions mentioned above were classified in this paper with the standard of classification of traditional Chinese pharmacology(Second edition)which was the national projected teaching materials for higher colleges and universities of Chinese medicine.The result showed that tonic herbs was the most coumon used,followed by herb for regulating qi,herb for arresting discharge,herb for interior-warming,herb for resolving dampness and herb for expelling water.It was in conformity with the TCM principle of treating deficiency with tonification-On the basis of the analyses mentioned above,dried ginger(hot in attribute),white atractylodes rhizome(warm in attribute),poria cocos(mild in attribute),semen coicis(cool in attribute)and coptis chinensis(cold in attribute),the most commonly used clinical medicines and the common used herbs of five different attributes for spleen,were selected as the study subjects of this paper to observe the interventional effects in mice which were divided into four model.groups,the chronic restraint caused spleen deficiency group,the fatigue caused spleen deficiency group,the improper diet caused spleen deficiency group and the normal group.Setting spleen governing transportation and transformation as the first function of spleen in TCM and selecting related groups with the indicators of spleen’s transformation for water,grain and wet,the physiological and pathological characteristics of three mice models with spleen deficiency were further observed based on the principles of energy metabolism and water metabolism.In order to further discuss the essence of spleen deficiency,the relationship of intestinal flora,digestive system and imnune system were studied.In addition,the interventional effects of these five spleen-invigorating Chinese herbs of different attributes in different mice models were studied and compared,with the theories of different drugs in same therapy pattern and same drug in different therapy patterns.On the basis of comparing the similarities and differences in efficacy of spleen-invigorating Chinese herbs of different attributes,this paper demonstrated considerable theoretical and practical values by comparing the similarities and differences in efficacy among these herbs of five different attributes for spleen,revealing the modern connotations of correspondence between herbs and symptoms and correlation between attribute and efficacy,and illustrating the essences of spleen deficiency with different causes.Methods1.Design methods of spleen deficiency animal modelsThe mice models were selected with the criteria of SPF,male,from Kunming,and weighted about 20 to 24g.The chronic restraint caused liver depression and spleen deficiency group was established with the method of continuous stimulation of clipping tail for 16 days.The fatigue caused spleen deficiency group was set up through swimming to exhaustion for 16 days.The improper diet caused spleen deficiency group was established by feeding alcohol and lard mixture to mice every other day for 16 days.2.Dosing methodsThe mice,consistent with spleen deficiency criteria,were randomized into the model groups and the treatment groups.The treatment groups included the dried ginger group(representative herb of hot attribute;crude herb,2g/kg),the white atractylodes rhizome group(representative herb of warm attribute;crude herb,2g/kg),the poria cocos group(representative herb of mild attribute;crude herb,2g/kg),the semen coicis group(representative herb of cool attribute;crude herb,2g/kg),the coptis chinensis group(representative herb of cold attribute;crude herb,2g/kg).The Model groups and treatment groups continued the induction of spleen deficiency with interventional implements and took drugs for once a day,3 weeks in a row.The normal control group was mice without any intervention in the experiment.In normal animal intervention experiments,SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into the model groups and the treatment groups.The treatment groups included dried ginger(representative herb of hot attribute;crude herb,2g/kg),white atractylodes rhizome group(representative herb of warm attribute;crude herb,2g/kg),poria cocos group(representative herb of mild attribute;crude herb,2g/kg),semen coicis group(representative herb of cool attribute;crude herb,2g/kg),coptis chinensis group(representative herb of cold attribute;crude herb,2g/kg).The treatment groups took the drugs once a day,and 3 weeks in a row.3.Detection methods and indexes(1)Appearance and behaviors of mice;(2)Mice weight,body temperature,daily food intake,daily water intake,rate of defecation,water content of excrement,and the levels of intestinal toxic metabolite.(3)The main viscera coefficients(liver,spleen and thymus)and organs(liver,spleen,small intestine,colon)pathological examination.(4)Complete blood analysis(including red blood cells(RBC),white blood cells(WBC),hemoglobin(HGB),hematocrit(HCT),mean corpuscular volume(MCV),mean Corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH),content of lymphocytes(Lymph#),content of monocytes(Mon#),content of neutrophile granulocyte(Gran#),and platelet distribution width(PDW)).(5)Serum biochemical indexes:blood glucose(GLU),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),albumin(ALB),carbon dioxide(CO2),total bile acid(TBL),total protein(TP)etc.(6)The levels of intestinal digestive enzymes(trypsin,pepsin,pancreatic lipase,chymotrypsin and α-glycosidase enzymes).(7)The expression levels of aquaporin-3(AQP-3)and AQP-4 in colon.(8)The 16S rDNA sequencing results of intestinal flora.Results1.The comparative study of five spleen-invigorating Chinese herbs on interventional effects in the chronic restraint caused liver depression and spleen deficiency miceWithout the symptom of loose stool,the mice in normal control group had res.ponsive response,normal action,good appetite and thick,smooth and glossy fur.Compared with normal group,the mice in model groups were tardy,lethargic,bad appetite,in withered,yellow and loosing fur,gaining weight(P<0.05),and gregarious.The body temperature on an empty stomach declined markedly(P<0.05),while the water content of excrement increased obliviously(P<0.01),and the contents of toxic gases H2S and NH3were in the uptrend.Liver and spleen were significantly enlarged(P<0.01),-with thymic atrophy significantly(P<0.01).In serum biochemical indexes,TC02 increased dramatically(P<0.05),while ALB decreased(P<0.05).Hematology indexes of WBC,Lymph#,Mon#,Gran#and PDW index significantly increased(P<0.01 or P<0.05),while HGB,HCT,MCV,MCH and MCHC index significantly decreased(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The activities of small intestines and stomach protease and chymotrypsin declined evidently(P<0.05);and the expressions of AQP-3,AQP-4 in the colon reduced significantly(P<0.05).There were obvious swelling up and infiltrating with inflaunatory cells in spleen,but mild in liver.With inflammatory cells infiltrated,epithelial cells of small intestine partly fell off.Compared with normal group,the mice in treatment groups appeared to be less tardiness,less emaeiation,less withered fur,more daily intake and normal defecation without loose stool besides coptis chinensis group.However,in coptis chinensis group,the mice lost weight and lowered food intake dramatically,and tended to be less movement and enjoy clustering together.The weights in all treatment groups increased to a certain extent besides coptis chinensis group(P<0.05),and dried ginger and semen coicis group were the most obvious(P<0.05).In all treatment groups,the food intake improved to some degree but had no obvious difference.And the body temperature increased to a certain extent(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The quantity of stools was in the down trend,while the frequency of stools the uptrend.Both of them had no statistically significant difference.In all treatment groups,the water content of excrement and the contents of toxic gases H2S and NH3were in the declining trend,of which the water content of excrement in dried ginger and white atractylodes rhizome group declined dramatically(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The liver and spleen coefficients declined dramatiea1ly in all treatment groups(P<0.01 orP<0.05).However,the symptom of thymus atrophy was relieved,and the most apparent in white atractylodes rhizome,poria cocos and semen coicis groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05).All the serum biochemical indexes improved with ALB increased dramatieally(P<0.01),while TCO2 decreased dramatically(P<0.01 or P<0.05).TBA obviously decreased in white atractylodes rhizomegroup(P<0.05),but dramatically increased in coptis chinensis group(P<0.05).This study showed that dried ginger,white atractylodes rhizome,poria cocos,semen coicis controlled the hematology indexes in mice of liver depression and spleen deficiency.For example,Lymph#,Mon#,Gran#and PDW declined significantly(P<0.01 or P<0.05),while HGB,HCT and MCV raised dramatically(P<0.01 or P<0.05).In addition,coptis chinensis decreased Gran#significantly(P<0.01).In this study,the expressions of AQP-3 and AQP-4 in white atractylodes rhizome,poria cocos and semen coicis groups increased significantly(P<0.05).However,in coptis chinensis group,there was only AQP-4 improved dramatically(P<0.05).The lesions of spleen,liver and small intestine in all treatment groups improved significantly(P<0.01 or P<0.05)and there was obvious improvement in colon lesion in groups of white atractylodes rhizome,poria cocos and semen coicis.From the results of the intestinal flora,it showed that the symptom of liver depression and spleen deficiency led to disorders of intestinal flora.The main targets of dried ginger,white atractylodes rhizome,poria cocos and semen coicis for promoting liver depression and spleen deficiency might be changing the disorders of intestinal flora,restoring the intestinal flora to normal steady state or adding new probiotics.However,the efficacy in coptis chinensis group was not significant and its ways of changing the flora distribution and structure were different with other four herbs.In the subsequent study,the reasons of these differences should be further discussed.2.The comparative study of five spleen-invigorating Chinese herbs on interventional effects in the fatigue caused spleen deficiency miceWithout the symptom of loose stool,the mice in normal control group had responsive response,normal action,and thick,smooth and glossy fur.Compared with normal group,the mice in model group appeared to be dispirited,lethargic,fur withered,eyes squinted,faint and losing weight(P<0.01).The body temperature declined,while the water content of excrement increased obliviously(P<0.01),and the contents of toxic gases H2S and NH3were in the uptrend.Liver was significantly enlarged(P<0.01),but spleen and thymic atrophy significantly(P<0.05).In serum biochemical indexes,GLU,TC02 and TBA increased dramatically(P<0.01),while TG decreased dramatically(P<0.05).Hematology indexes of WBC and Gran#significantly increased(P<0.01),while MCHC index significantly decreased(P<0.01).The activities of small intestinal trypsin and a-glucoseidase declined evidently(P<0.05).However,the expressions of AQP-3 and AQP-4 in the colon increased.The reason for the compensatory increase of AQP-3 and AQP-4 might be the chocking behavior during swimming.There were obvious swelling up and infiltrating with inflammatory cells in liver,but atrophy in spleen.In small intestine and colon,there were no apparent pathological changes.Compared with the model group,the situations of withered and loosing fur,squinted eyes and debility improved in treatment groups,and the daily intake,frequency and volume of stools increased.All the mice gained weight to a certain extent besides coptis chinensis group,and increased most apparently in dried ginger and semen coicis group(P<0.05).Daily intake was somewhat elevated among all treatment groups,in which the dried ginger,white atractylodes rhizome group and semen coicis group increased most obviously(P<0.05).The body temperatures during fasting and non-fasting periods raised to some degree in all treatment groups in which dried ginger and white atractylodes rhizome group were increased most significantly(P<0.01)in the temperature on an empty stomach.The frequency and volume of stools in all treatment groups were in the uptrend but there were no statistically significant differences.In all treatment groups,the water content of excrement and the contents of toxic gases H2S and NH3were in the declining trend,of which the water content of excrement in dried ginger and white atractylodes rhizome and coptis chinensis group declined dramatically(P<0.05).The liver coefficient in all treatment groups raised dramatically(P<0.01),and the spleen coefficient in white atractylodes rhizome and poria cocos group increased significantly(P<0.05),but the thymus coefficient in white atractylodes rhizome,poria cocos,semen coicis,coptis chinensis group declined dramatically(P<0.05).In all treatment groups,TG increased(P<0.01)and TBA decreased(P<0.01)among serum biochemical indexes.In Heroatology indexes,WBC in all treatment groups declined dramatically(P<0.05),while HCT in white atractylodes rhizome and poria cocos group increased significantly(P<0.05).There was obvious lesion in spleen in all treatment groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05).In addition,in white atractylodes rhizome and poria cocos groups,there were apparent lesions in liver(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The experiment showed that proportions of bacteroidetes and firmicutes increased but proteobacteria decreased from perspective of phylum;and from perspective of genus,proportions of helicobacter and bacteroides declined.These results indicated that overfatigue would cause disorder of intestinal flora in mice.In the experiment,the proportion of proteobacteria in groups treated with dried ginger,white atractylodes rhizome and poria cocos increased and the proportion of helicobacter in groups treated with dried ginger and poria cocos increased.This phenomenon indicated that these herbs can regulate intestinal flora.What’s more,poria cocos,semen coicis and coptis chinensis can enrich the diversity.of intestinal flora in fatigue caused spleen deficiency mice,and coptis chinensis showed the best effect.However,the direct correlation between coptis chinensis and other pharmacodynamics indexes was not clear.3.The comparative study of five spleen-invigorating Chinese herbs on interventional effects in the improper diet caused spleen deficiency miceWithout the symptom of loose stool,the mice in normal control group had responsive response,normal action,and thick,smooth,glossy fur,better appetite and more fecal excretion than model groups.Compared with normal group,the mice in improper diet caused spleen deficiency group appeared to be tardy,lethargic,in withered and loosing fur,and bad appetite.Furthermore,these model mice drunk fewer,gained weight slowly(P<0.01)and were fond of clustering together.The contents of toxic gases H2S and NH3 increased,and liver and spleen were significantly enlarged(P<0.01).In serum biochemical indexes,GLU,TC and TCO2 increased(P<0.05),while ALB and TP decreased(P<0.05).Hematology indexes of Lymph#and Mon#significantly increased(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The activities of small intestine and stomach protease and ehymotrypsin declined evidently(P<0.05).And the expressions of AQP-3 and AQP-4 in the colon were in the uptrend,but there were no statistically significant differences.In the model group,there were obvious swelling up and infiltrating with inflammatory cells in spleen,but mild in liver.In small intestine,there were infiltrated inflammatory cells and detached epithelial cells.And there was the same symptom in intestinal mucosa.Compared with model group,the mice in treatment groups gained weight,increased water intake and stool quantity.In addition,the weights in all treatment groups increased to a certain extent,and dried ginger,white atractylodes rhizome and semen coicis group were the most obvious(P<0.05).In all treatment groups,the food intake improved to some degree and poria cocos was the most significant(P<0.05).Furthermore,the water intake increased dramatically in white atractylodes rhizome and poria cocos group(P<0.05).There were no obvious changes in body temperature during fasting and non-fasting periods.The quantity of stools in coptis chinensis group raised(P<0.05),and the frequency of stools in all treatment groups increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The water content of excrement and the contents of toxic gases H2S and NH3were in the declining trend with the H2S content in dried ginger,poria cocos and semen coicis groups declined dramatically(P<0.01 or P<0.05)and the NH3 content in all treatment groups decreased significantly(P<0.01 P<0.05).The liver and spleen coefficients declined in all treatment groups.For example,the liver coefficient in dried ginger,poria cocos,semen coicis and coptis chinensis group declined dratatieally(P<0.05),and the spleen coefficient in poria cocos,semen coicis group declined dramatically(P<0.05 or P<0.01).All the serum biochemical indexes improved with TCO2,TC and GLU decreased dramatically.TC and TCO2 in dried ginger group and ALB in semen coicis group decreased dramatically(P<0.05),while TP in coptis chinensis group increased dramatieally(P<0.05).This study showed that Mon%,Gran%and WBC index in groups of dried ginger,poria cocos and semen coicis obviously declined(P<0.01 or P<0.05),while RBC and HGB in groups of dried ginger,white atractylodes rhizome and poria cocos raised apparently(P<0.01 or P<0.05).In addition,the content of Chymotrypsin in small instestine improved dramatically in groups of white atractylodes rhizome,poria cocos and coptis chinensis(P<0.05).And the content of pancreatic lipase raised significantly in groups of white atractylodes rhizome,poria cocos and coptis chinensis(P<0.05),but the content of pepsin declined dramatieally(P<0.01).In this study,the expressions of colon AQP-3 in poria cocos group increased significantly(P<0.05).Furthermore,AQP-4 in dried ginger group improved dramatically(P<0.05).In all treatment groups,the lesions of spleen and small intestine improved significantly(P<0.01).For example,there were apparent improvements in colon lesion besides dried ginger group(P<0.05)and in liver lesion of coptis chinensis group(P<0.05).Experimental result showed that improper diet caused spleen deficiency was a direct stimulating factor of intestinal flora,and change in intestinal flora was the change of relative abundance in internal components such as the composition of some main substances.Overall,there was not change in the amount of shared bacteria and the species diversity of flora.Relative flora had some fluctuations after herbs intervention especially in coptis chinensis group with significant differencesm.However,there were not marked improvements in dried ginger,white atractylodes rhizome,semen coicis and poria cocos groups in flora species and diversity.All these intestinal flora results,which suggested that coptis chinensis had marked changes in intestinal flora and promoted the diversity of flora,were similar with those in fatigue caused spleen deficiency mice groups.The conclusion that the impact of coptis chinensis in body state was positive or not should be further testified.Anyhow,intestinal flora had certain influence to improper diet caused spleen deficiency mice,but the function and related mechanism of a particular strain in flora needed further research.4.The comparative study of five spleen-invigorating Chinese herbs on interventional effects in normal miceCompared with the blank group,the weight,diet and water intake had no obvious change in each treatment group.Without the symptom of loose stool,the mice in normal control group had responsive response,normal action,good appetite and thick,smooth and glossy fur.It showed that the herbs used in this study did not affect the normal physiological condition.Dried ginger and white atractylodes rhizome increased the body temperature of normal mice.Furthermore,dried ginger had obvious effect on temperature after fasting.There were no obvious differences in the frequency and volume of stools between each treatment group,while the water content of excrement in dried ginger group and the content of NH3 in white atractylodes rhizome group decreased dramatically(P<0.05).The main viscera coefficients(liver,spleen and thymus)had no apparent changes in treatment groups.The GLU was in the down trend in all treatment groups and semen coicis group decreased significantly among all groups(P<0.05).From the perspective of serum biochemical indexes,TCO2 index in poria cocos,dried ginger and semen coicis group,and TG index in white atractylodes rhizome group,TC index in semen coicis group increased(P<O.05).From the data of complete blood analysis,Mon#in all treatment groups and Gran#in dried ginger group decreased(P<0.01 or P<0.05),but Lymph#in dried ginger group(P<0.01)and PLT in dried ginger group and white atractylodes rhizome group(P<0.05)increased.In addition,WBC,Mon#(P<0.01)and Lymph#(P<0.05)in white atractylodes rhizome and poria cocos.group decreased.Digestive enzymes in all groups were in the uptrend,and chymotrypsin,pancreatic lipase and α-glycosidase enzymes in dried ginger group increased significantly(P<0.05).The expression of AQP-3 in dried ginger group increased(P<0.05),while APQ-4 in coptis chinensis group decreased(P<0.05).In all treatment groups,there were no apparent lesions in spleen,liver,small intestine and colon.Study found that all groups shared a high overall similarity with several individual variations according to the clustering analysis of intestinal flora species.However,the result,coptis chinensis group being the most dissimilar to normal group,suggested that there were significant changes in intestinal flora and marked differences between groups.From the petals figure,we learned that coptis chinensis increased the number of OTU in mice.From perspective of dominant bacteria,herbs of different attributes had different dominant bacteria.On the one hand,herbs of similar attributes had similar dominant bacteria.On the other hand,herbs of opposite attributes had dominant bacteria which were distinctly different.On the relative abundance of phylum classification,the intervention of coptis chinensis caused a decline in the proportion of bacteroidetes and an increase in the proportion of Verrucomierobia.It prompted that the functional mechanism of coptis chinensis with its bitter flavor and cold attribute might be regulating the proportions of these two dominant bacteria.It showed that these herbs had no obvious effect in the number of species through analyzing the species diversity of intestinal flora in mice.But in terms of flora structure,the manifestation of coptis chinensis group was inconsistent with other groups because other dosing groups and normal groups had no obvious difference.From intestinal flora analysis results,we learned that the changing trends had some similarities to herbal attributes and coptis chinensis(bitter in flavor,cold in attribute)had the most marked regulatory function.ConclusionThe typical spleen deficiency symptoms in mice can be induced through continuous stimulation of clipping tail,swimming to exhaustion and improper diet.From the perspective of energy metabolism,this experiment shows that the weight,body temperature and food intake reduce obviously,and the activity of key digestive enzymes and some liver functions decline,while the CO2 in blood increases clearly in all spleen deficiency mice.All these data above are consistent with the clinical spleen deficiency symptoms of poor appetite,bad digestion and easy fatigue etc.These five Chinese herbs can improve these symptoms in some degrees.For example,as one of the main differences in herbs of different attributes,dried ginger of hot attribute and white atractylodes rhizome of warm attribute can increase body temperature obviously,but the herbs of cold and cool attributes do not have such function.From the perspective of water metabolism,the daily water intake have not significant changes in all groups besides the improper diet caused spleen deficiency model group,however,the water content of excrement increases to a certain degree in every model group.This tendency coincides with the loose stool symptom of clinical spleen deficiency patients,but do not have significant correlation with the expressions of colon AQP-3 and AQP-4,even the degrees of injury in small intestine and colon.All these five Chinese herbs can reduce the water content of excrement to a certain extent,but dried ginger and white atractylodes rhizome are the most significant,and this is likely to be one another different characteristic in herbs of warm and hot attributes.From the perspective of immune regulation,all the spleen deficiency mice show pathological changes such as splenomegaly or atrophy.Thymus atrophy,accompanying by a significant rise in level of inflammatory cells,coincides with the symptoms of low immunity and gastrointestinal inflammatory in clinical spleen deficiency patients.All these five Chinese herbs suppress this series of immune inflammations to a certain degree,however,white atractylodes rhizome and Poria cocos inhibit the immune injury of the three models obviously.And this is probably the reason for both white atractylodes rhizome and Poria cocos to be the most important spleen-invigorating herbs.In addition,it is worth noting that these five Chinese herbs have impacts on some physiological indexes in normal mice,but on the whole,no effects to organs such as liver,spleen,small intestine and colon.This study summarizes the efficacy differences of these five spleen-invigorating Chinese herbs of different attributes.The results of herbs of hot and warm attributes can improve the body temperature and reduce the water content of excrement,while the representative herb of bitter flavor and cold attribute-coptis chinensis can reduce the levels of some intestinal digestive enzymes and toxic metabolite.In addition,based on the data of pharmacodynamics indexs in these three spleen deficiency models,the best overall efficacies are from white atractylodes rhizome and poria cocos.The result conforms to the medication rules in the clinical treatment of spleen d1 seases.The overall difference was not significant from the quantities of intestinal flora species in four experiments.With herbs of certain attribute more far away from mild in attribute,the quantity of flora species was more different to those in normal or blank group;while the proportions of flora in all groups were rather similar except the coptis chinensis group.The proportion of bacteroidetes increased markedly,but proteobacteria obviously declined in three models with different causes.From integral analy.sis of efficacy test,the biggest changes in phylum proportions and genus proportions of flora appeared in the coptis chinensis group.And the genus proportions of main flora in poria cocos group were close to the normal control group.From the results of intestinal flora diversity,for normal mice,the interventions of all herbs in diversity vrere not significant or close to the normal control group except coptis chinensis whose intervention was obvious.In liver depression and spleen deficiency groups,the interventions of all herbs in diversity of normal mice’s intestinal flora were not significant or close to the normal control group except coptis chinensis whose intervention was the worst with bigger deviation in diversity comparing with the normal control group.In fatigue caused spleen deficiency groups,the interventions of all herbs in diversity of normal mice’s intestinal flora were not significant or close to the normal control group except coptis chinensis whose intervention was unstable with obvious discreteness;these results might be related to the quantities of samples.In improper diet caused spleen deficiency groups,the intervention of coptis chinensis was significant with smaller discreteness in diversity of normal miee’s intestinal flora;however,the intervention of dried ginger was the worst with similar smaller discreteness in diversity.According to the analysis mentioned above,we learned that the more obvious the herb intervention was,the closer the changes in diversity of intestinal flora would be.The efficacy advantages of every herbs from different models were summarized as follow:in liver depression and spleen deficiency groups,the treatment with white atractylodes rhizome(tonifying spleen and qi,warm in attribute)was best,followed by dried ginger(hot in attribute),poria cocos(mild in attribute),semen coicis(cool in attribute)and coptis chinensis(cold in attribute)in order.In fatigue caused spleen deficiency groups,the treatment with white atractylodes rhizome(tonifying spleen and qi,warm in attribute)was best,followed by poria cocos(mild in attribute),dried ginger(hot in attribute),semen coicis(cool in attribute)and coptis chinensis(cold in attribute)in order.In improper diet caused spleen deficiency groups,the treatment with poria cocos(expelling pathogenic damp,mild in attribute)and semen coicis(cool in attribute)were best,followed by coptis chinensis(cold in attribute),white atractylodes rhizome(warm in attribute)and dried ginger(hot in attribute)in order.Innovations and prospectsThe innovations of this paper are as following:(1)According to the predisposing factors of spleen deficiency and the reactions of different herbs on spleen deficiency with different pathogenie factors,the therapeutic effects between five herbs for spleen in different attributes are concluded.In this paper,not only the features of spleen deficiency with different pathogenic factors can be obtained directly from the models,but also the reactions of different herbs on spleen deficiency with different pathogenic factors can be analyzed relatively from the treatments.(2)From multi-angle analyses and clinical manifestations of spleen deficiency,this paper gets the intrinsic features of spleen deficiency form aspects of TCM and the differences of herbs of different properties for spleen.In the multi-angle analyses,loose stool and weak performances were studied as the breakthrough,and the indexes,such as digestive function,immune function,serum biochemistry,histopathologic examination and metabolism,were comprehensive analyzed.(3)This paper provides experimental references for clinical spleen deficiencies caused by different pathogenic factors by analyzing the clinical mechanisms of herbs of different properties for spleen and taking targeted herbs.Then,the following part brings forward some future research prospects of the paper.In this study,the research on spleen deficiency was finished... |
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