Research On The Evolution And Formation Mechanism Of China's Regional Development Spatial Pattern

Since the year 2009,the State Council of the People's Republic of China has approved dozens of regional development planning and policies,and more and more academic research on regional planning and regional policy in China emerges.Thus,the research on China's regional development strategy and regional development spatial pattern has become a research hot spot and important basis for government decision-making.The imbalance in regional development is an important aspect of the major contradictions in the new era.However,different academic points of view on China's regional sustainable development and the causes and formation mechanism of spatial pattern of regional development appear in dealing with the problems of the growing regional disparity among various areas,the intensified regional interest contradictions and conflicts and the increasingly serious contradiction and pressure among the development of regional economy and society and the resources environment.Governments at all levels are also in urgent need of scientific guidance on how to implement higher-level relevant planning,policies and how to choose the path of development policies in the region.It has become an important strategic issue for government at all levels as to how to further improve the regional development policy system and maintain the coordinated development of regional economy,society and resource environment.In theory,the traditional location theory mainly focuses on the distribution of human economic activities in space and the interaction of different economic factors in space.Most of the location theory focuses on the different spatial distribution of production units such as agriculture,industry and businesses under the restriction of different freight.Some theories of development introduce spatial analysis into the analysis of economic development process,focusing on the role of agglomeration and diffusion of economic factors in different development periods.The new economic geography theory discusses the problem of regional economic growth from the perspective of increasing returns to scale,gathering economic externalities and human capital accumulation,putting forward the viewpoint that regional economic growth is convergent or divergent.However,there is little research on the relationship among population distribution,environmental pollution distribution and economic distribution,and on the coordinated development among the three.At the same time,the traditional theory of sustainable development focuses on the coupling and interaction of each subsystem,such as population,environment,economy and society,and there are few studies on the spatial distribution of each subsystem and the interaction among the factors in space.Therefore,this paper based on the concept of sustainable development,put forward the connotation of regional development including the coordination of regional subsystems,namely,the coordination of ecological system,social system,economic system and matching the elements various elements;also includes the coordination of regional spatial overall development and the optimization of spatial structure;The flow of production elements between regions is smooth,The allocation proportion of each subsystem is appropriate,interconnect,positive promotion;Economic,social and ecological development gaps remain within tolerable limits.Regional development can't rules to achieve absolute static equilibrium results,but with the reality of our country's natural resources and economic and social conditions,according to the different period,different regions of the order of the "fairness and efficiency" requirements,with equal development opportunities for the principle,realize dynamic disequilibrium development.At the same time,this paper points out that the research mainly focuses on the spatial pattern at the regional level.This paper analyzes the spatial pattern of ecological environment,economy and social development in various regions of China,and studies the various factors that affect the three subsystems of ecological environment,economy and society,and the spatial interactions of the various influencing factors,and it preliminarily explains the formation mechanism of spatial pattern of regional development.It is of theoretical and practical significance to some extent to complement and improve the the location and sustainable development theory,to solve the current problems on regional economic development strategy transformation in China,and to achieve the goal of coordinated development of the ecological environment,economy and society.In view of domestic and foreign theoretical research and development status,the research of foreign literature focuses on the theoretical analysis of manufacturers and industrial clusters.There are many researches on the relationship between resource environment and economy.However,the study of spatial layout rules to link the environment,society and economy is less,especially ignored the specific regional differences in the natural,economic,social,institutional,etc.,also did not focus on the influence of spatial pattern of different mechanism of ecological environment,social,economic coordinated development.On domestic literature,the study on spatial pattern of regional economic development is relatively mature,but is limited by development,research the combination of resources and environment constraints mechanism of spatial pattern of regional development is less.Some scholars have started to use building coupling model,the spatial autocorrelation method,in the research on ecological environment,social and economic coordination development spatial pattern,classification and evaluation of the regional sustainable development level of the various regions.But most of the literature without detailed discusses forming mechanism of spatial pattern of regional sustainable development,also does not have a detailed analysis of various influencing factors on the role of the spatial pattern of the formation mechanism of regional development,rarely put forward scientific optimization path and countermeasures of regional spatial pattern.The existing literatures seldom consider the spatial interaction of variables in different regions.In quantitative analysis,ignoring the spatial function of variables can lead to missing explanatory variables,so that we can't find the essential law of sustainable development that includes spatial dependent factors.Therefore,the paper based on the comprehensive analysis of the population resources and environment's influence on the economic agglomeration;build the coupling coordination model through the combination of ecological development index,social development index and economic development index;and comprehensive evaluation process and characteristics of spatial pattern of regional development in China.On this basis,the paper analyzes the mechanism that affects the spatial pattern of regional development through five aspects: natural factors,humanities and social factors,economic factors,regional development strategies and institutional factors.Combined with selected explanatory variables,the spatial Durbin model is constructed,and the direct effect,indirect effect and total effect of each explanatory variable on regional sustainable coupling coordination are further analyzed.Using the result of empirical analysis,the optimization principle and optimization path of regional development space pattern are illustrated.The paper includes seven parts,namely,The first part,introduction,which expounds the background and significance of the paper and summarizes the content,technical framework,approaches,innovation,etc.The second part is a summary of domestic and foreign research.It analyzes and summarizes the relevant research and shortcomings of sustainable development and regional spatial pattern at home and abroad,summarizes and evaluates the research trend of regional spatial pattern.The third part covers the related concepts and theoretical basis.It introduces the basic concepts of regional spatial pattern,analyzes the relevant theories,expounds the location theory,the theory of regional spatial structure and the theory of regional sustainable development.And it also analyzes the effects of population,resources and environment on economic agglomeration.The fourth part is an analysis of the evolution of spatial pattern of regional development in China.It sums up the rules of regional spatial structure evolvement in China by analyzing the spatial evolution characteristics of three subsystems,namely,ecological environment,social development and economic development respectively,and the comprehensive development characteristics of ecological,economic and social development.The fifth part is the formation mechanism of the spatial pattern of regional development in China.This part expounds the influence mechanism of the factors such as natural factors,human factors,economic factors,regional development strategies and institutional factors on the spatial pattern of regional development in China.This paper makes an empirical analysis by constructing a spatial econometric model to explain the direct,indirect and total effects of each variable.The sixth part talks about the optimization of the spatial pattern of regional development in China.It puts forward the optimization focus,clarifies the optimization principle and points out the optimal path of the space pattern of the regional development from the perspective of the national level and four parts of China,basing on the results of empirical analysis.The seventh part is a conclusion and prospect.It analyzes the future direction of regional development by summarizing and discussing the rules of the regional development spatial pattern and the new influencing factors and points out the shortcomings of the paper and the future research trends in this field.Finally,the paper summarizes three conclusions: First,the paper concludes the conclusion about the evolution of spatial pattern of regional development.The level of ecological environment development in eastern region of China's is relatively low;the level of ecological environment development in northeast region and western region of China is relatively good;the level of ecological environment development in central region is moderate,and better than the East,but lower than the northeast and Western regions.The level of social development in eastern region of China's is relatively high,the level of social development in the western region is relatively weak,the level of social development in central region is slightly higher than that of the western region,the level of social development in Northeast region is lower than that of the eastern region but also significantly higher than that in the western region.The level of economic development in the eastern part of China's is relatively high,and the gap with the other three regions is very obvious.The level of economic development in the northeast region is slightly better than that of the middle and western regions.The level of economic development in the central and western regions is basically similar and is poor.The evolution of spatial pattern on degree of coupling and coordination of China's ecological-social-economic system shows a steady upward trend in time,and obvious geographical differences in space.On the overall level of ecological-social-economic system coordinated development,China's western regions have the worst level of regional development.The level of the central region is slightly better than that of the western region,and the eastern and northeastern regions are roughly equal and developing better.The difference of regional coupling coordination degree is obvious.The order of coupling coordination degree from high to low is the northeast region,eastern region,central region and western region.The regional gap of the coupling coordination degree of China's ecological-social-economic system is significant.Among the total differences,the contribution rate of regional disparity is far higher than the contribution rate between regions,and the regional gap has a decreasing trend.The development trend of regional disparity is also decreasing.Therefore,it can be considered that the regional gap and interregional gap play a role in the decline trend of the total gap.The regional development of China presents a trend of sustainable development.The degree of coupling coordination is a significant spatial autocorrelation phenomenon in China's regional eco social economic system,which indicates the existence of spatial agglomeration in China's regional development.The spatial dislocation of the coupling coordination degree of China's regional ecological-social-economic system is obvious.Spatial dislocation is the largest between ecological environment and economy,but there is a trend of gradual decline.The spatial dislocation is in the middle between the ecological environment and the society,also has the gradual decline trend;Spatial dislocation is the smallest between society and economy,maintaining a relatively stable trend.Second,the paper concludes the conclusion about the empirical analysis on the formation mechanism of the spatial pattern of regional development in China.Through the spatial econometric analysis of the cross-section data,the spatial regression model is better than the ordinary least squares regression model,and the spatial error model is better than the spatial lag model.When analyzing the formation mechanism of the spatial pattern of China's regional development,the influence of spatial dependence on the model can not be ignored.For spatial error model,from the point of view of the significant level of each influence factor index,altitude,rainfall,population distribution,history and culture,ethnic distribution,degree of participation in globalization and environmental management decentralization system have a significant impact on the coupling coordination degree.Through the analysis of the spatial panel data,it is found that the final conclusion can not only rely on the direct effect of influencing factors,but also consider the indirect effect of influencing factors.From the point of the total effect,the explanatory variables to achieve significant level include air temperature,urbanization rate,history and culture,marketization,industry clustering,technological innovation,property right system,fiscal decentralization system and environmental management decentralization system.Third,the paper concludes the conclusion about the optimization of the spatial pattern of regional development in China.Following the relevant optimization principles and combining the regional characteristics of the sustainable development of the eastern,central,Western and northeastern regions,each characteristic optimization path should be carried out.Combined with the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,the Yangtze River economic belt,the construction of "One Belt And One Road" and the new-type urbanization,the optimization of the spatial pattern of regional development is promoted.The thesis makes the following innovations: first,the paper has some innovations in the theory of regional development.In theory,based on the concept of sustainable development,put forward the new connotation of regional development.The spatial rule of traditional regional development theory that only analyzes economic development is expanded to analyze the spatial law of the coupling development of ecological environment,society and economy.In the study of the evolution mechanism of regional development pattern,the new factors such as population distribution and environmental pollution distribution are related to the traditional economic cluster,and supplement the existing theoretical content.When analyzing the influencing factors of the formation mechanism of regional development spatial pattern,besides considering the influence of various factors on economic development,it also increased the influence mechanism analysis of various factors on the social and ecological environment development,and supplemented the original theoretical conclusion.Second,innovation is about combining qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the formation mechanism of regional development space pattern.The formation mechanism of spatial pattern of regional development is a very complex and there are more uncertain factors,difficult to quantify the difficulty of past the mechanism analysis of spatial pattern of regional development generally use qualitative judgment and more descriptive analysis,lack of quantitative evaluation.In this paper,qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analyze the spatial pattern formation mechanism of regional development.First combined with the development of Chinese regional spatial pattern evolvement track of time evolution characteristics analysis,from the natural factors,social factors,economic factors,regional development strategyand institutional factors,a comprehensive analysis of judgment influence of spatial pattern of regional development,on this basis,summarized based on the influence factors of the development of Chinese regional spatial pattern evolution mechanism,and the choice of key variables to adopt new space measurement method for empirical quantitative analysis and evaluation.It not only finds out the key factors that influence the spatial pattern of regional development in China,but also verifies the qualitative analysis conclusion.In order to better understand the formation mechanism of the spatial pattern of China's regional development,it provides a qualitative and quantitative combination,from the theoretical to the practical analysis framework..Third,the paper is based on GIS spatial analysis and economic spatial econometrics.In the process of human society development,with the regional development of "ecological turning of regional problems ","spatial steering of economic development" and "social development man-oriented shift",integrated technical means are emerging,especially for large-scale spatial integration images,which are difficult to follow by economic.In this paper,the spatial pattern is analyzed by using GIS spatial analysis method and economic space measurement method,such as using ARCGIS software to directly reflect the spatial pattern evolution process of regional development;Spatial autocorrelation analysis is used to analyze the development of subsystems and the spatial agglomeration of regional development level,and based on the new spatial panel data and other econometric analysis methods,the formation mechanism of the spatial pattern evolution of China's regional development is empirically studied,which improves the goodness of fit of the regression equation.By distinguishing the direct effects and indirect effects,we can accurately reflect the relationship between the different regions' economic,social and ecological environment's coupling and coordinated development level and the influencing factors,and explain the actual role of each index better.And it is better to explain the formation mechanism of the regional spatial pattern evolution in China.The paper is only a preliminary study on the relevant content of the spatial pattern of China's regional development,and there are some shortcomings.In the future,further research can be carried out in the following aspects: first,adjust and complement the evaluation index system.Second,update or extend the period of study.Third,refine or narrow the scope of research space.