The Coding Technology Of The 19th Century Telegraph And Its Influence On The Communication Of News Information

The research on the history of telegraph mainly exists in the field of communication technology history,the history of journalism also includes parts of it in explaining the news movement.The former is responsible for explaining the origin of the modern communication revolution,and the latter is affirming its media role in the news.The current concerns and anxieties about the phenomena generated by information consumption have inspired the discussion on the origin of the information society.Journalism highlights the characteristics and functional description of news when constructing the concept of modern news,to explain its basis and process of formation from the social perspective of technology shaping is one aspect of the current domestic research in the field of technology and social.Putting the telegraph into the perspective of the media technology history can bring about convergence with the above mentioned issues.The study focuses on the coding part of the telegraph technology,and sums up its historical path from the perspective of technology history.Based on the theory of technology and social interaction and media communication,an analysis of the texts of historical eventst related to the history of telegraph and journalism in the 19th century is made,and the historical facts of the encoding transmission with news information communication is sorted out.Through the establishment of public conveyance,the social causes of telegraphic coding as a media technology was illustrated.Through the fusion of coding and information communication,it is explained that the coding transmission of telegrams influences the propagating characteristics of information.The first analysis is on the morphological evolution of the encoding.The encoding system often used in telegraphy was a secondary code.In order to fully implement semantic expression,there were usually 30 to 40 different symbols required for information transmission.In exploring the representation of these symbols,three ways,the pull arm signals of Semaphore using artificial means,the deflection symbols of electric conduction polarity and the continuity symbols of electrical pulses were born.In which the "left and right" expression of polarity was first achieved by the use of needle features.The Cook-Wheatstone code was a representative of this type of application.In their scheme,the expression selection of the code changed with the deflection of the pointer.Then the main solution is the "on" and "off" which was generated by the continuous characteristics of the electric pulse in time.The second analysis is the effect of the encoded information transmission.The early pull arm signals of Semaphore transfer information had two consequences:the first large scale connectivity of distant space and the transmission of special purpose of information.They both were taken over by the continued development of the telegraphy technology.After telegraphy was completed electronically,the telegraph with highlighted advantages had attracted the attention of industries and fields with higher information transmission requirements.As a result,the encoding information began to shift to a wide range of social applications.In the process of the geographical connection established by the telegraph,Morse code had brought out an overall unity of code transmission,which led to an unprecedented wide area spatial connection,and led to two consequences:public information began to be generalized and telegraphs were converted to public media.The study reveals that the commercial application of telegraphy had released the ability of encoded information transmission.This growth had coincided with the rapid development of cheap newspapers since the 1840s.In this historical encounter,the news business took the initiative to accept the telegram delivery message.As a combination of media technology and news business,Telegram strengthened the elemental attributes of news in both "time" and "space".This had led the news to have conditions to change part of the message to information,and made the newspaper's ecology begin to change.Although cheap newspapers got the news as quickly as possible,there was a contradiction between the increase numbers and the supply of news.Under the circumstances,news agency came into being.In the second half of the 19th century,the news agency actually had controlled the source of news and the way out by hiring important telegraph lines,including personal installation,by combing with telegraph company in business and participating in the development of industry standards.The establishment of such a news communication order resulted in a dominant changing in the attributes of news culture.The expression was:the centralization of news business,the cutting of news language,the formatting of expressions,and the universalization of press attitude.It is therefore consider that,as a component of the 19th century telegraphy technology,the coding had relatively independent characteristics,and its media function was influenced by the specific environment of the society.The function that had formed had an effect on the content.The encoding of information had been limited to special purpose in the early 19th century,although affected by changes in coding technology and the socio-economic impact,the encoding transmission information had a restrictive effect on the content,formed and channeled of news communication in later.with relatively obvious independence.This leads to the fact that the flow of news information in new technology media does not fully follow the news professionalism set by traditional newspapers,but represents the adaptation to media technical requirements.