A Theoretic And Practical Research On Economic Assessment Of Animal Epidemic

Animal husbandry is the fundamental industrial section of national rural economic development and important component of modern agricultural technology system. The steady development of animal husbandry plays an important role on developing of countryside economy. The potential risk and loss of animal husbandry is related to many respects of the national security. Among them, animal disease economic assessment is an important content of the evaluation which must be considered in national security. The outbreak of animal disease especially the zoonose brings huge direct economic loss to farmers, threaten the public health at the same time, and also brings adverse impact to the animal husbandry, the development of national economy and social stability. Under such a circumstance, this paper discusses the corresponding evaluation theory and method of economics to evaluate the loss caused by animal disease, explore the possible impact and loss of disease outbreaks. It’s of important theoretical and realistic significance to analysis animal disease prevention and control measures.In the past 30 years, global social and economic environment has changed dramatically, under this background, the animal disease economics evaluation issues is presented. Animal disease economic assessment is an important content in the research of Animal health economics. Animal health economics is also called Veterinary Economics, which is a newly emerging discipline branch of economics. By virtue of the relevant theories of economics and the analysis method, the scientific basis of natural science in pathology, immunology, public health, epidemiology and relevant discipline system; related system of social science economics and management. Animal health economics process qualitative and quantitative analysis and evaluation on the input and output, production, consumption and the risk of loss related problems raises from the process of animal disease prevention and control. It makes economics explanation and analysis the various activities in animal disease prevention and control, and put forward scientific policies and suggestions. Through the years, some of the major animal epidemic disease has been controlled by many developed countries or regions. Some countries and regions are changing their self-sufficient priority policy goal with the increasing degree of market integration which reduces the disease control results of the policy environment. At the same time, as the continuous decline in the importance of agriculture in national economic development, the capital competition between different industries and economies becomes more intense, more and more responsibilities has diverted from the public sector to the private sector with return on investment, there is a need to provide a scientific and reasonable economic evaluation whenever planing financial surport for a variety of animal disease prevention measurements to improve the animal husbandry development and the protection of animal health. Thus, animal health economics has also been the concern of academics, industry professionals and the government related functional departments.Some western developed countries have made certain achievements on animal health economics, particularly in the research and practice of animal disease economic evaluation theory and methods accumulated some experience in the animal health economics, which played a well decision support role in the animal disease management, but in our country, the economics of animal epidemics evaluation system research on the theory and method is relatively less. The purpose of this paper is to draw lessons from foreign related research, on the basis of combining with the actual situation in our country and relevant regulations, laws and regulations, trying to build a set of evaluation system in animal epidemics economics theory and assessment method system, and provide decision-making reference for the animal husbandry development plan, the major animal disease prevention and control plan for our country.Animal disease economic assessment is based on the whole observation period animal disease outbreaks, mainly from macro and micro-level extension perspective, giving priority to national political security, economic security and people’s life safety as foothold, based on economics theory and method, scientifically measure the economic loss after the animal disease outbreaks; give quantitative analysis and evaluation on the economic impact of the issues related to strategies for a variety of animal disease prevention and control measures and the resulting input, effect, risk etc..Animal disease economic evaluation theory system is mainly consist of the economic loss evaluation of animal disease and the economic evaluation of animal disease prevention and control measures decision. These two aspects is progressive hierarchical relationships. Economic assessment of the animal disease loss is the minimum range, it is also the foundation of the next level; economic assessment of prevention and control measures includes animal disease loss assessment, cost and benefit evaluation of prevention and control measures. Scientific decision of various kinds of prevention and control measures and the implementation steps will be made on the basis of the prevention and control measures evaluation.This article focus on the two main lines mentioned above, which are the economics of animal disease loss assessment, the animal disease prevention and control measures of economics assessment and decision analysis system. Among them, the economics of animal disease loss assessment and in-depth discussion were made from two aspects, which are the assessment content and the assessment method, the animal disease economic evaluation of content was prepared, and the animal disease economic evaluation index system was built, An innovation economic assessment method is proposed, which named "Standard-Unit-Epidemic-Disease (SUED)". Empirical analysis has been carried on a case study of Asian type Ⅰ foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). On animal disease prevention and control measures of economic evaluation and decision analysis in various animal disease prevention and control measures, quarantine, immune, kill, sterilize, manage, propaganda etc. using the related theories and methods of economics, combining with the concrete practice of the animal disease an animal disease prevention and control measures are put forward economic assessment and decision analysis approach, and in Asia type Ⅰ FMD disease, for example, has carried on the empirical analysis.In this paper, the main research conclusions include:(1) the main content of animal disease economic evaluation is summarized as the animal disease loss economics evaluation, the animal disease prevention and decision analysis of control measures economic evaluation, meanwhile, the theoretical basis and the analysis of evaluation methods are summarized. (2) on the basis of summarizing all kinds of evaluation methods, this paper puts forward a kind of loss evaluation method of innovation:SUED. Compared with other methods, "standard unit epidemic method " has the characteristics of practicability, efficiency and flexibility. SUED makes up the defeciency of a large number of statistical data lack, and quickly obtain an estimate of loss, which has a certain reference value in getting a quick overview of disease areas and making decision of prevention and control measures,. Both for the improvement of the animal disease loss evaluation related theory, or to understand the influence of animal epidemics, such as the prevention and control strategy, the discussion of SUED is a beneficial attemption. (3) The Asian type Ⅰ FMD disease is taken as the research object, the decision of wether keeping carry out immunization compulsory immunization or exiting was assessted for the government to make animal disease prevention and control plan, as well as financial support policies and measures, and the analysis of influence factors in the two desicion was summaried in theory, which making up the blank in the research of this direction, and for other disease, the prevention and control of regional decisions must be combined with regional specific disease outbreak. Whether the main purpose is prevention, or eradicating the epidemi, or exiting immune, is all formulated according to the disease epidemic situation in a particular decision analysis process, different decision making many kinds of prevention and control measures of comprehensive application, train of thought of this paper have certain reference.The main policy recommendations of this paper include:strengthen the economic assessment and prevention and control of animal epidemics strategy research; Gradually improve the veterinary medicine management system, improve the overall level of veterinary personnel; Establish and improve the animal disease monitoring system, the emergency system; Reasonable culling compensation policies, establish and improve the animal disease prevention and control policy of financial support.The innovation of this article point is mainly manifested as follows:Firstly, Innovative research in perspective and topics. This paper trying to build a set of relatively perfect animal disease economic evaluation theory and method system from the angle of economics, especially the animal disease prevention and control decision evaluation in further perfect and supplement on the basis of existing research, and combined with the specific kinds of animal epidemics has carried on the empirical analysis and exploration.Secondly, innovate the assessment methods and the improvement and application. In this paper, a comprehensive interpretation and improve the methodology of SUED are proposed in this method an outbreak, data are difficult to fully get cases, relatively rapid, scientific, accurate area loss assessment. Can provide reference for government decision-making, and is rich in theory the animal disease damage assessment method content. And try to type I FMD immune exit decision evaluation in Asia in carries on the preliminary application, discusses the specific construction selection and feasibility of local exit.Thirdly, the construction of evaluation index system method. This paper summarizes the existing related literature about the animal disease loss evaluation indicators to build, on this basis, from the economic, social, environmental three macroscopic perspective, select breeding subject, government, industry chain, consumers, health institutions such as the micro main body as the assessment object, respectively constructed loss evaluation index and calculation formula of the construction of index system comprehensively, and can choose according to the actual area of approximate target index substitution and loss calculation.The deficiencies of this paper:Firstly, prevention and control measures for prevention and control measures of the evaluation of the possible outcome remains to be further comprehensive analysis, such as the result, utility, income and welfare, etc.;Secondly, animal disease damage assessment is the basis of the decision-making evaluation, the risk of loss and loss of the outbreak in history affects the decision conclusion together. Since the risk isn’t what actually happen, but there is the possibility of harm. So the risk loss is to estimate the loss of potential loss, which needs logical reasoning on the basis of experience or the related theory to evaluate all kinds of possible losses. Animal disease outbreaks of risk losses assessment research involves multi-disciplinary knowledge such as veterinary medicine, economics, informatics, which belong to the category of interdisciplinary research. From a certain angle, this paper has some limitations on studing the disease economic risk, the effects of the regional macro economy and the government compensation standard and so on, because the accurate grasp of the loss to the risk assessment must be done,with the animal disease pathogenesis, disease transmission, popular features, the respect such as vaccine prevention knowledge.