| Based on the reviews of urban forest researching progress and present situation of Xiamen urban forest, this dissertation chose Xiamen Island as the research scope, took Landsat-ETM remote sensing image of Xiamen Island in2000,2002,2005,2008,2010and the current land use map (1:10000scale) in1992and2001of Xiamen Island as data sources, by combining remote sense and site measurements, and the qualitative analysis with the quantitative analysis, carried out a systemic study on present situation of urban forest landscape patterns in Xiamen Island, dynamic changes of landscape patterns, urban forest landscape connectivity, construction the potential ecological corridor of urban forest landscape, thermal field distribution and variation in Xiamen Island, the relationship between landscape patterns spatial distribution and heat island effect, heat island effect trend prediction, dynamic change of forest ecological footprint in Xiamen Island, forest resources ecological deficit in Xiamen Island. At last, integrated with the overall urban planning of Xiamen city, the study put forward Xiamen Island urban forest layout optimization project, and serve for capital urban forest construct. The main results as follows:(1) The present situation of city forest in Xiamen Island, and the variation of city forest landscape pattern from2000to2010showed as follow:①From the figure of forest canopy density of Xiamen Island in2010, the proportion of stand areas in descending orders are:shrub land(54.00%), forest land(18.16%), open forest land(13.50%), other land(14.34%);②From the quantity variation of urban forest’s stand patch, the patch quantity of each stand is in decline as a whole, the patch quantity of shrub land is at a lower value, and decreased to the lowest point on688in2010, that means the average area of shrub land’s patch is big because of its big area proportion,③The average area of shrub land’s patch was strongly changed with an increasing trend but a unstable structure; the average area of forest land、open forest land and other land was always in lower and stable values, but the data of their patch density was zigzagly changed and in decline as a whole. ④The multiplicity index、evenness index and splitting index changed in the same trend, from2000to2008they change in a trend of rise first then fall from2008to2010.⑤From2000to2010, fractal dimension indexes of each urban forest stands are close to1, it shows that the patch’s shapes are simple and approach to square. The fractal dimension indexes of other stand was always in a lowest value and with the simplest shapes in it.⑥The research region comprises1033forest patches, and the number of small patches is892and takes up86.3percentages, but which area just accounts for9.1percentage, the number of giant patches is18, and takes up1.7percentages, while the area accounts for79.2percentage. The distribution of patches is extremely uneven, mainly comprises only a few giant and large patches and masses of small patches.⑦The result of sequencing probability indices of connectivity (dPC) can exserts the importance of small patches. And with numbers of small patches in the research region, it will produce more Ecosystem Values. According to the sequencing probability indices sort, the first10forest landscape patch are choused as the core patches.The core patches mainly in Dongping Mountain, Huwei Mountain Park, Xianyue Mountain Park, Agricultural Science Institute, Exhibition Centre, Lianhua Park, Longshan, Moxin mountain; Guangbo mountain, Songbai park.(2) The thermal field distribution and variation in Xiamen Island was carry out by study on the relationship between landscape patterns spatial distribution and heat island effect,①Heat island effect appear obviously in Xiamen in2002. Xiamen Island is mostly mountainous in the south, fraction of green vegetation is high and forms "cold island", temperature is lower than the non-mountainous region around. Strong Heat Island mostly distribute in built-up area, and spread with the spreading of the Construction land. As shown by Figure Distribution of heat island of Xiamen in2010, this distribution of heat islands and strong heat islands are along the northeast-southwest line, mostly in Huli Avenue, Chenggong Avenue, Hubin South Road, Nanshan Road,Jinhu Road,Xianyue Road, Gaoqi Airport. The "strong green islands" are mainly distributed in Dongping Mountain,Huwei Mountain, Wanshi botanical garden, Xianyue Mountain Park, Agricultural Science Institute, Exhibition Centre, Lianhua Park, Moxin mountain; Bailuzhou Park, Songbai park. ②The study of distribution and variety of heat island in Xiamen from2000to2010revealed that the heat island effect was getting stronger each year. Using linear regression analysis, we found that there is a high negative correlation between NDVI and surface temperature, the higher the NDVI, the lower the surface temperature.③A Markov model was used to estimate the land proportion of heat islands in Xiamen Island after2010, and it predicted that the areas of strong green island and normal area would not change much. The proportion of green island gets smaller, the proportion of heat island gets bigger, and the area of strong heat island is slowly increasing.④The green equivalent GIS model was built to analyse the ability of forest to promote green quantity.And find out the potential forest plaque in strong hotisland in the future,by using the difference between the green space ratio of now and future, to To improve the heat island effect.(3) Through the analysis of forest ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity, we obtained the following conclusions:①The total ecological footprint of Xiamen forest and the forest resource per capita has shown a trend of first increasing then decreasing and then stabilizing. From2000to2004, the total ecological footprint of Xiamen forest increased from110350.2767m2to118531.7325m2, From2004to2010, the total ecological footprint of Xiamen forest declined from118531.7325m2to96159.81155m2, declined18.87%each year. The forest resource per capita declined1566m2from2000to2012, declined109.283m2each year.②From2000to2010in Xiamen, forest resources ecological carrying capacity, forest resources ecological carrying capacity per capita has shown a trend of first increasing then decreasing. From2000-2004, the total forest resources ecological carrying capacity increased from22498.33hm2to50978.92hm2, and from2004to2010, decreased from50978.92hm2to37669.09hm2, dropped26.10%; forest resources ecological carrying capacity per capita dropped0.000842hm2from2000to2004, from2004to2010, continue to drop from0.081461hm2to0.044706hm2, dropped about0.036755hm2, but it’s increase in2010. We can see from the increase of forest resources ecological carrying capacity per capita and the yield factors that the forest city construction in Xiamen that began in2009, has been made remarkable progresses.③From2000to2010in Xiamen, the per capita ecological carrying capacity of forest resources was lower than the per capita ecological footprint of forest resources, ecological deficit was negative value. Ecological deficit was shown a trend decreasing, the per capita ecological deficit decreased from0.177858hm2per person to0.069417hm2per person, However, in2010, Xiamen’s forest resource demand is2.55times of what its ecological system can provide,The need for forest resources is the exceeding ecological carrying capacity, economic development is in ecological unsustainable state.(4) According to the research results of chapter2,3,4,5, with the guide of sustainable development and low carbon city construction, according to existing problems of Xiamen forest, put forward that:bulid efficient public transportation system,to bring along high density development in the city local region. Regeneration and reorganization the internal resources in city.Buliding new green space for public, protecting the existing City forest patches especially those large ones, and step by step increasing those area. At the same time, building up the cracked shelter of net work of road and river, and planning the slow traffic system in city. |
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