| Ecosystem, a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment that interact and exchange materials with each other, provides various ecosystem services for human beings, directly or indirectly, and plays an irreplaceable role in keeping dynamic equilibrium between lives and environment. Since nearly two centuries, with the development of industrialization progress, the influences of the growth of population and the human’s active on ecosystem have reached a record-breaking highness. Nowadays, a variety of natural disasters such as global warming, floods, desertification and so on are the most serious problems as the direct threat to the survival and sustainable development of mankind. The research on the ecological service value is to quantify these ecological service functions,accordingly people can use money as the form to manifest the value of the service, and impelled people’s consciousness of ecological environmental importance and strengthening of resources protection. Meanwhile, the results from the investigation also provide the scientific basis for the government to make the plans for handling the relationship between economic development and ecological environment.The upper reaches of the Minjiang River, located in the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan Basin, is the important part of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River’s ecological barrier, and the significant ecological barrier and the lifeline of water resource in Chengdu Plain. Its ecological environment affects not only the quality and quantity of water resources in Chengdu Plain, but also the ecological environment and social economic development in Minjiang River Basin even the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. This study on ecological service value in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River has an important significance for the environment protection and economic development of Chengdu Plain and also the upper reaches of Yangtze River. The indirect service functions such as soil conservation, water conservation, carbon sequestration & oxygen production, etc. in the ecological service system have great support for the survival and development of human beings. However, compared with direct physical service function, it is difficult to estimate its value as the data of physical volume is hard to obtain. This paper, based on previous studies and data collection, selects remote sensing technology and the upper reaches of Minjiang River as the basic method and study region to inverse these key-parameters such as soil conservation, water conservation, carbon sequestration & oxygen release, and completes the estimation of ecosystem services’ economic value in this area.The main results obtained are as follows:(1)Soil erosion modulus and soil conservation capacity in the study region were calculated quantitatively. Firstly, the basic data was used to calculate rainfall erosivity(R factor), soil erodibility(K factor), slope & aspect(L&S factor), vegetation coverage & vegetation cover-management(C factor) and soil & water conservation measure(P factor), respectively. Secondly, according to the calculated results above, potential soil erosion modulus and actual soil erosion modulus in this area were obtained by using the formulae of Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE). Last, substracting the two moduli could obtained the soil conservation amount.(2)Based on the theory of hyperspectral and quantitative remote sensing, exploring and establishing the model of ecological water conservation modulus which taking vegetation moisture content and soil moisture content as the main parameters, the paper runs the quantitative calculate of water conservation capacity in the area. Ecological water conservation modulus indicates the total ecological water quantity of the ecological water layer in the unit area, and is related to many factors such as vegetation moisture content and soil moisture content. This thesis selects the method of quantitative remote sensing as the main way, establishes the inversion model of vegetation moisture content and soil moisture content respectively, obtains the river runoff by information inquiring, finally, completes the three-parameters calculation of water conservation capacity.(3)By using the model of Net Primary Production(NPP), this paper calculates the capacity of carbon sequestration & oxygen release in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. Through photosynthesis, plants use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into organic matters and oxygen. Therefore, the capacity of carbon sequestration & oxygen release in this research region can be calculated by the result of NPP.(4)Angle slope index, whose spectral feature is determined by spectral analysis, is introduced to inverse the vegetation moisture content. Through the correlation analysis of vegetation spectral reflectance and vegetation moisture content, its conclusions showed that, first of all, there are some correlations between both of them which are described above in near-infrared region(800nm-1350 nm, 1600nm-1950 nm, 2200nm-2400nm) and visible red band(620nm-700nm). Then, the angle slope index was established which selected spectral reflectance of vegetation in 660 nm, 850 nm, 1630 nm, 2200 nm as the characteristic values of RED, NIR, SWIR1 and SWIR2 respectively. This paper analyzes the relationship between vegetation moisture content and angle slope index, uses angle slope index(SANI, SASI, ANIR) as the parameter to inverse the vegetation moisture content, and establishes the conversion model between the two.(5)A new angle slope index is defined. Through the improvement of the original angle slope index(ANIR), based on previous studies, this thesis defines the Near infrared angle normalized index(NANI) and Near infrared angle slope index(NASI). In the process of inverse the vegetation moisture content, compared with the angle slope index, which was defined by Palacios-Orueta et al., the calculation of NANI is not only faster, but also more accurate. Therefore, to develop the inversion model of vegetation moisture content that using NANI as the best angle slope index, it has a positive impact on accurate extraction of vegetation moisture content in the study region.(6)This paper estimates the economic values of different functions such as soil conservation, water conservation, carbon sequestration & oxygen release in the study area. In allusion to the different ecological services, different methods of calculating values were chosen: shadow price, opportunities cost and replacement engineering were taken to evaluate the ecological value of ecosystem services of soil conservation; replacement engineering was used to evaluate the ecological value of water conservation; carbon sequestration & oxygen release utilized opportunities cost for estimating its economic value. |
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