Study On The Transport Processes And Ecological Effect Of Heavy Metals In Dust-soil-plant In The East Junggar Region

In the present-day, scientific community and society pay much attention to the atmospheric pollution, atmospheric dust fall on soil and plant through itself gravity,then transport into soil by elution processes, soil heavy metals pollution has been increased. The plant growth was affected by heavy metals from soil and dust. This study region is being opencut coal mine mining and industry activity in large scale, this study analysis on contents and source and pollution degree of heavy metals in dust-soil-plants system, meanwhile find out dust heavy metals to ecological effect of soil and plant, this study results could provide scientific basis for repairing regional ecological environment. This research mainly draws the following conclusions:(1)The trend of dust-fall flux has consistency between May and December. The high value of dust-fall flux is present near industry area and desert zone in west part of study area, the low value of dust-fall f lux is present northeast and southeast in part of study area. The Hg、Pb、As、Cr 、Cu、Zn heavy metals elements of dust was belong s to strong variability and was serious interference by human activities. The Hg、As、Pb heavy metals elements of dust have a high correlativity, and Cr、Cu、Zn heavy metals elements also have a high correlativity. The Cu、Cr and Zn elements was the first principal components in dust heavy metals and Hg、As and Pb elements was the second principal components.(2)The Hg and As elements of dust has a similar spatial distribution characteristic, the high and higher concentration range was present to near industry area and low concentration range was present to desert zone in west part of study area. The high concentration range of Pb elements was present to near industry area and higher concentration range was present to near traffic roads, the low concentration range was disturbed traverse and it’ area was less. The Cr and Cu elements of dust has a similar spatial distribution characteristic, the high and higher concentration range was present to near industry area and low concentration range was present to desert zone in west part of study area and southeast part. The high concentration range of Zn elements was present to near industry area and higher concentration range was present to near traffic roads, the low concentration range was present to desert zone in west part and southeast part and the north of wucaiwa belt.(3) Study on evaluation dust heavy metals pollution: The As and Pb elements were light pollution element, Hg and Cu elements were moderate pollution element, Cr and Zn elements were server pollution element from the point of view of single factor index method. The six heavy metals comprehensive pollution condition was moderate degree pollution from the comprehensive pollution index method. The Pb elements was moderate pollution element, Hg、As、Cr、Cu、Zn elements were server pollution element from the point of view of Nemerow integrated index. The Hg and As element was non-pollution elements, Pb elements was light-moderate pollution elements, Cr and Cu elements were moderate pollution elements, Zn elements was server pollution element from the point of view of geological accumulation pollution index method. The Pb、As、Cr、Cu elements were light potential ecological risk elements, the Hg and Zn elements was the higher potential ecological risk elements, the region dust heavy metals potential ecological risk belongs to moderate degree.(4)The Hg element was belongs to strong variability in three layer soil and other five elements was belongs to intermediate variability. The Hg element has a high correlativity with Cr、Cu and Zn elements in three layer soil. The Cu、Cr and Zn elements was the first principal components in soil heavy metals and Hg、As and Pb elements was the second principal components.(5)The Hg、Pb、As、Cr elements of three layer soil has a different spatial distribution characteristic, however high and higher concentration range was present between and near industry area, the low concentration range was present to desert zone which far away from human activity. The Cu and Zn elements of three layer soil has a similar spatial distribution characteristic, the high concentration range was present to inside and near wucaiwa belt, and near northwest Jiangjunmiao belt, the higher concentration range distributed near high concentration range, the low concentration range was present to desert zone in west prat and southeast part.(6)Study on evaluation soil heavy metals pollution: In three layer soil, Hg 、Cu and Zn elements were non-pollution element in three layer soil, Pb and Cr elements were light pollution element, As elements were moderate pollution element from the point of view of single factor index method.The six heavy metal comprehensive pollution condition was light degree pollution from the comprehensive pollution index method, and the value was decreased with soil depth increase, Hg、Cr、As elements made larger contribution and Pb、Cu、Zn elements made little contribution. In three layer soil, Hg and As elements was serve pollution element, pb elements was moderate pollution element, Cu elements were light pollution element from the point of view of Nemerow integrated index. In three layer soil, Hg 、Pb 、Cu、Zn elements was non-pollution elements, As and Cr elements was light-moderate pollution elements from the point of view of geological accumulation pollution index method. In three layer soil, Hg、Pb、As、Cr、Cu、Zn elements were light potential ecological risk elements, the region soil heavy metals potential ecological risk belongs to light degree.(7)The variation coefficient of heavy metals from sample plants was different. In all, the Hg elements variation coefficient was belonged to strong variability, other elements was belonged to moderate variability. The Cr、As、Hg and Cu elements of aerial part of Reaummuria soongorica was the first principal components and Zn elements was the second principal components. The As、Cr、Cu、Zn elements of underground part of Reaummuria soongorica was the first principal components and Hg elements was the second principal components. The Zn、As and Cu elements of aerial part of Hadoxylon ammodendrom was the first principal components and Hg、Cr elements was the second principal components. The Zn、Cr、 Cu、As elements of underground part of Hadoxylon ammodendrom was the first principal components and Hg elements was the second principal components. The Hg、Zn、As elements of aerial part of Ephedra distachya was the first principal components and Cr、Cu elements was the second principal components. The As、Cu、 Zn elements of underground part of Ephedra distachya was the first principal components and Hg、Cr elements was the second principal components. The As and Cu elements of aerial part of Anabasis L was the first principal components and Zn、Hg elements was the second principal components. The Cr、Hg、As、Zn elements of underground part of Anabasis L was the first principal components and Cu elements was the second principal components.The high concentration range of Hg elements of plant was present to industry zone and mining area. The high concentration range of As elements was present to between both industry area. The high concentration range of Cr elements was present to between both industry area. The high concentration range of Cu elements was present to near traffic road. The high concentration range of Zn elements was present to present to between both industry area.Study on evaluation plants heavy metals pollution: Hg element was light pollution, other four elements was non-pollution from the point of single factor index method. The heavy metals of five plants comprehensive pollution condition was non-pollution from the comprehensive pollution index method, Hg elements made larger contribution and other four elements made little contribution. The Hg elements was pollution and other four elements was non-pollution from the point of view of Nemerow integrated index. The heavy metals of five plants was non-pollution from the points of view of geological accumulation pollution index method. The Hg elements single potential risk index was higher other elements, the five plants heavy metals potential ecological risk belongs to light degree.(8)The heavy metals in three soil was increased through dust transport, Zn and Cr elements increased obviously and Cu、As、Pb elements increased litter obviously, Hg elements increased least. In the 50 years later, six heavy metals in three layer soil all increased, Zn element would increase 738.29~1013.47 mg/kg, Cr element would increase 16.72~17.70 mg/kg, and Hg element growth range is higher, then the region heavy metals pollution become seriously and harm region ecological security.(9)The plant biomass estimated by remote sensing showed an increasing trend in the 5~8 month on the whole,and the biomass began to decline in September. From the aspect of space, the high value of plant biomass appeared in the farmland of the southwest of the study area,while the plant biomass was higher in the northern of Cara Mai Li reserve and was low in desert area and Gobi.The study plant biomass was effected by Cu, Cr, and Zn elements in the dust was strength, them order was Cu > Cr>Zn, the plant biomass was effected by Hg, Pb, and As elements in the dust was low. The study plant biomass was effected by Pb elements in the soil was strength, the plant biomass was effected by Hg, Cu, Cr, Zn, and As elements in the dust was low. The study plant biomass was effected by Hg, Cu, Cr, Zn, and As elements in the plant was low. In this study, heavy metal of dust effect plant biomass higher than heavy metal of soil, heavy metal of soil higher than heavy metal of plant.