Study On Toxic Effects And Pollution Monitoring Of Tetrabisphenol A On Scallop Chlamys Farreri

TBBPA has been the widely used BRF with the largest production and usage volume among BRFs. It is applied mainly as a reactive flame retardant (90% of total end use) in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards and as an additive component in several types of polymers. TBBPA can be released into the environment mainly from additive products. Due to its widely usage, it has been detected in various environmental mediums. With a similar chemical structure with thyroxine, it has been defined as an endocrine disruptor. Besides, TBBPA can also induce neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxity. Based on the situation of China’s offshore TBBPA pollution, the author studied various toxic effects of this compound on the scallop C. farreri, PBTK-TD model in C. farreri exposed to TBBPA, a fast detection method of TBBPA using enzyme-linked immunosorbert assay (ELISA) and biomonitoring of Qingdao coastal environmental pollution TBBPA based on C. farreri. These results may serve as basis for future study on the toxic mechanisms of TBBPA on aquatic organisms and providing technical support for marine environmental pollution monitoring.1 Study on toxicity assessment of TBBPA on C. farreriFirstly, the author studied the toxic effects of TBBPA on the marine microalgae, Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima, one bait algae for C. farreri. The result showed that TBBPA accumulated rapidly into the algae, and induced SOD, GST activities and GSH content. Secondly, the author exposed TBBPA to C. farreri via food or food+ water. The result indicated that the predominant uptake route for TBBPA in scallops appeared to be from water (approximately 93%), whereas accumulation through algae diet alone also had significant effects on the biochemical markers of scallops. Thirdly, the author exposed C. farreri to 0.2,0.4and 0.8 mg/L TBBPA for 10 days followed with a 10 days’elimination period. The study revealed that revealed that TBBPA could be accumulated and metabolized by scallops rapidly; TBBPA exposure activated the antioxidant defense system, induced activities of phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes such as GST, SULT and UGT, and lead to some irreversible damages to lipid and DNA.2 Digital Gene Expression analysis in the scallop C. farreri exposed to TBBPAUsing Illumina’s digital gene expression (DGE) system, the author investigated TBBPA-induced transcriptome response in the digestive gland tissue of scallop Chlamys farreri. In total,173 and 266 genes were identified as significantly up-or down-regulated, respectively. Functional analysis based on gene ontology (GO) classification system and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database revealed that TBBPA significantly altered the expression of genes involved in stress response, detoxification, antioxidation, and innate immunity. In particular, evidence for the endocrine disrupting effect of TBBPA on bivalve was first obtained in this study. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to ascertain the mRNA expression of several genes identified by the DGE analysis. The results of this study may serve as a basis for future research on molecular mechanism of toxic effects of TBBPA on marine bivalves.3 Study on monitoring (detection) of marine TBBPA pollutionBased on correlation analysis, the author selected SOD, GST, GSH and LPO as toxic parameters applied in the TD model, combined with toxicokinetics data, developed the PBTK-TD model, linking the process of TBBPA absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in C. farreri and biomarker responses.The artificial antigen was synthetized by coupling TBBPA molecule to protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). Afterwards, the author immunized the rats obtain the antibody. After optimization condition, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for TBBPA detection was developed. This method had the advantages of high speed acquisition, high sensitivity and low cross interference. The linear detection range of this method was 0.1-100 ng/mL.4 Biomonitoring study of Qingdao coastal environmental pollution using C. farreriThe author selected three sites Lingshanwei (S1), Haibo revier estuary (S2) and Shazikou (S3) for seasonal sampling in 2014. The result indicated concentrations of PAHs and heavy metal:S2>S3>S1; TBBPA levels:S2>S1>S3. PCA analysis demonstrated that the change of MT content was linked to Cu and Cr pollution, EROD activity was correlated with As、Mn、PAHs and TBBPA levels. The calculated IBR showed that environmental stress:S2>S3>S1, consistent with general pollution levels of three sites.