Study On Protection And Management Of Drinking Water In City

Currently, one fifth of the world's population cannot get safe drinking water. In China, one fourth of the people drink the water which do not meet the health standards. The shortage of urban drinking water, the serious water pollution and other problems make a severe impact on the lives of the masses. In recent years, water pollution incidents occurred from time to time, such as, the blue green algae pollution in Taihu Lake, the water pollution incident in Songhua River and so on. The problems about drinking water do not only greatly reduce the level of national welfare, but also increase our cost of constructing an ecologically civilized society. The protection and management of drinking water sources is directly related to people's living and social stability. The Chinese government attaches great importance to the protection and management of urban drinking water source. The protection of drinking water source is a critical part of the strategies to achieve the ecological civilization as well as the contents to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the cities. However, the protection system of water resources in China is not perfect, and there are still some inadequacies in the policy of water resources management. This paper intends to expand the theory for the innovation of drinking water protection system and also provide some other option by analyzing the drinking water source protection and management system generally.This article firstly illustrates the basic concepts and properties of water resources. On this basis, the study of the drinking water source protection at home and abroad was reviewed; what's more, the research ideas, the main content and innovations are described.In the article three theories in water management are described. From an economic perspective, the water is an important public good, so its protection has distinct characteristics of externalities. Therefore, the paper discussed the externalities of water resource protection and the public goods theory. Second, it is an important way for water management to clear property rights, and bring water rights theory into the system. The theory of water rights system were discussed, and the water rights systems were reviewed in developed countries such as the United States, Britain, Japan, Russia, Australia and so on. At the same time, the paper discusses the theory of the water price, on this basis the water systems in United States, Britain, France and some other developed countries are summarized, and our water system is reviewed.This paper presents and demonstrates the connotation, theoretical basis and basic content of urban drinking water management model of ecological economy. And it analyzes the behavior of the government, businesses and residents in this pattern. Water is an important natural resource, and the process of its development, utilization, and its circulation is an important ecosystem. Ecosystem management approach, originated in the forestry and other natural resource management, is also suitable for water resources management. Based on the ecosystem management approach, the way of integrating the economic system variables organically into the ecosystem approach was called the ecological and economic management. The ecological and economic management pattern of drinking water is that under the fundamental goal of realizing ecological and economic benefits, the managers take a series of management actions on the economic activities of water utilization and ecological protection, including the behavior. Based on expansion of water content, service value and reasonable pricing, this management model requires using economic levers and laws and regulations, administrative measures, social and moral means and other policy tools, in order to develop and utilize water resources comprehensively, intensively, efficiently and economically. All the measures are aimed at avoiding waste and environmental problems during the utilization and development process. The utilization and protection of drinking water should go together. In the terms of the main contents of management, the government should pay great attention to the ecological water use and environment protection in the urban drinking water system besides distributing drinking water to residential reasonably, effectively, and equitably. From the behavior of each of the main modes, the Government must fulfill the functions of public administration, to act in accordance with the principle of maximizing social welfare, and make efforts to achieve the goals of meeting the needs of the water main, protecting urban drinking water effectively, and realizing sustainable use of water resources. The behavior model of corporations is embodied in the environmental responsibility, and the core content is the implementation of IS0140001 and building corporation environmental culture. From the perspective of policy and regulation made by the water resources management department and the change trend of the policy, the public has become one of the important subjects in water resources management.This paper analyzes three major operating mechanisms in the ecological and economic management of drinking water. It is a systematic project, which includes a variety of factors and the connection structure, function and interrelationships made by them, and the process, principles and its operation mode when the factors make impact and play a role. In terms of ecological and economic management model, its operating mechanism is eliminating the externality in the process of water source protection, including the establishment the ecological compensation mechanism, financing mechanisms and legal mechanisms. In the process of water conservation a variety of interrelationships between stakeholders will be involved. In order to protect water sources, stakeholders need to resolve contradictions and conflicts by the way of the ecological compensation. Ecological compensation mechanism should follow the "polluter pays", "Who benefits and who pays" principle. The theory is based on the ecosystem service value theory, and its compensation standard is the ecosystem service value provided by ecosystem. In real life, the ecological compensation standard is often determined by the way of agreement. The establishment and improvement of the investment and financing mechanisms for the protection of the drinking water source need to clear investment projects, clear accountability and funding according to different types. And it also needs to reform and improve in the aspects of selecting and diversifying financing mode, relying on economic means, the central coordination. The water environmental problems in many cities are not because of inadequate protection, but insufficient pollution. The key of pollution prevention is to establish and improve relevant laws, and make clear of the responsibility of related perpetrators. Legal mechanism is the core of government functions in the process of urban drinking water source protection, but also the main content of ecological and economic management. The legislation, law enforcement, judicial and administrative functions of the government is related in the management of water resource. Through these functions the governments show policies and proposals in the management of water resources and ecological environment protection. This is a very important tool in water resources protection and pollution prevention. By this way, the illegal destruction of the water environment will be punished, so that liability is an important part of legal protection。This article takes the protection of Hongfeng Lake in Guiyang, Baihua, and Aha Reservoir (referred to as "two lakes and a reservoir") as examples to analyze. "Two Lakes and a Reservoir" is an important source of drinking water in Guiyang, whose positioning has gone through some stages such as the agricultural irrigation, industrial power generation, tourism scenic, drinking water sources and so on. "Two lakes and a Reservoir" currently used primarily authorized company management; its main management features include "paramilitary" administrative law enforcement, the Environmental Protection Tribunal, water conservation fund. The main problems in the current management include the limited enforcement authority, imperfect coordination mechanism with the local government is, insufficient protection fund, incomplete inter-regional ecological compensation mechanism, the contradiction in the household relocation compensation. Toward this end, two lakes Authority should take the measures of accelerating the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism, multi-channel fund-raising, establishing ecological management company to protect water sources.Finally it makes a summary and an outlook.The main innovation of this paper is:(1) integrating the ecosystem management into ecological economic activity, putting forward the ecological and economic management of city drinking water source from the theoretical arguments and proving it, and analyzing the behavior of the government, enterprises and residents in this mode. (2) Proposing the framework for ecological compensation mechanism of drinking water sources, and analyzing it from the points of principle of compensation, the compensation of the main and compensation standards. (3) Taking "two lakes of a reservoir" in Guiyang City as an example, proposing the idea of establishing eco-management Company, and theoretically demonstrating the feasibility and the corresponding conditions.