.11 To The 14th Century, Shalu Monastery The Prajna Bulmo Temple Painted Plastic Studies

Zhwa lu Monastery (?) is located in the west bank of Nyang river (?), the southeastern region of Shigatse (?) known as up Nyang (?) in ancient time, Tibet Autonomous Region. This monastery, was established by the Tubo's descendant lCe (?) in the11th century, and expanded from the late13th to the early14th century with the offerings of the imperial household of Yuan Dynasty. It is not only the most intact monastery of Yuan Time, but also the quite significant case for the studies on the interaction of Han, Tibet and other nationalities from11-14th century. As one distinct part of the case, the Prajnaparamita chaple (?) of Zhwa lu Monastery has witnessed this lengthy history in this period.This dissertation consists of six chapters as follow:Introduction. The main significance of Prajnaparamita chaple on the studies of religion, history and image during the11-14th century.The first chapter. Present the historical background of the foundation of Prajnaparamita chaple in11th century, and then put forward the questions that why the visualization of Prajnaparamitamandala suddenly arose and was so much prevalent from the late10th century to12th century, however, unexpectedly faded away since then. Mainly discuss above from the three parts as follow:transmission of religious discipline in the monastery during the later dissemination period, the circulation of Prajnaparamita and its relative manuals, the central Tibetan monasteries in which there were the statues of Prajnaparamita.The second chapter. Research on the iconography of the images created during the11th century in the Prajnaparamita chaple, which is just sole Prajnaparamita temple made in11th century without any ruin right now, clear up the manuals and images of Prajhaparamita before12th century, and find out the correspondence between the statues and paintings in the Prajnaparamita chaple and the Prajnaparamitamandala text as well as the the relationship with the Prajnaparamita images found in western Tibet and Dunhuang during10th century.The third chapter. Explore the background of the extension of outer winding corridor of Prajnaparamita chaple in the early14th century mainly focal on the relationship between the family lCe and Sakya pa (?) as well as the imperial household of Yuan Dynasty. The fourth chapter. The analysis on the textual basis of the mural and the overall conception, identify that the six parts of them were made based on the manual of Manjusrimulatantra (?), and further ascertain the outer mural was centered with the main worshipped Manjusri. In addition, also make a discussion about the Bhaisajyaguru (?) mural in the outer winding corridor.The five chapter. Uncover the motive to make Manjusri as the main theme within Catalogue of One Hundred Thousand Tantras (?) and the preface of Catalogue of Tanjur(?) written by Zhwa lu Monastery's abbot Bu ston rin po che (?). From the texts above, the author believe that Manjusrimulatantra and Manjusri should be strongly relative to the thought of Cakravartin (?) of imperial household of Yuan Dynasty and reflect the transformation to mentally admit the Yuan's administration in the for the Tibetan ten thousand families and monks. In addition, with this work above, make studies on the closely related mural of dragon and phoenix in the protective temple which is as the further evidence to the elements of imperial household of Yuan including in the mural of Zhwa lu Monastery during14th century.