Literature Study On Reinforcing And Reducing Method In Acupuncture

Apoplexy is an emergency and changeable disease with high fatality ratio and serious sequela. As the highest hyperendemic disease, apoplexy has become a fatal risk to human health. Acupuncture and moxibustion has its special advantages in apoplexy's prevention and curative rehabilitation, and many physicians in history put emphasis on its effect. Apoplexy is very common in the clinic, which also named "acute wind stroke". Deficiency of qi and blood is the interior pathogenesis. Disharmony between yin and yang of the viscera as well as qi and blood will occur when tiredness, over-intake savoury, smoking and drinking place premium on the body. As the pathogenic evils, wind, fire, phlegm and stasis will invade the brain, resulting in the blockage or the extravasation of the brain stem. It is characterized by abrupt onset with failing down, hemiplegia, deviated mouth, slurred speed and hemianesthesia. It is a kind of common disease among the middle and aged people, which is similar to the cerebrovascular diseases in western medicine. Furthermore, cerebrovascular diseases come first in the mortality of all the diseases in our country, the disability rate is also very high. Apoplexy has turn to be the serious health hazard to the middle and aged people, especially the aged people. There exists extremely significance in research apoplexy.The name of apoplexy appeared in Neijing firstly. The ancients recorded the different symptoms of apoplexy, including abrupt failing down, raged syncope, hematic syncope and sudden syncope. While hemiplegia is called "hemi-parectropia. " The pathogenesis of apoplexy was syndrome of lingering pathogen due to deficient vital qi before Tang and Song Dynasty. The significant turn about the apoplexy pathogenesis happened during Jin and Yuan Period, the physicians ascribed the pathogenesis to interior wind instead of exterior wind. Liu Hejian claimed the pathogenic heat-fire was the leading cause of the apoplexy, Li Dongyuan held the point that qi-deficiency was the main problem to solve, while Zhu Danxi put forward that the symptoms were the result of the heat and wind caused by the phlegm subsequently. There were many descriptions about the differentiation for syndrome classification. Here is the pathogenesis of apoplexy recorded in Neijing:1.The pathogenic wind invades the body, disharmony of the viscera, qi and blood, the factors of the diet and mood. As for the pathogenic wind, Suwen·Fenglun described like this:patients who suffer from the pathogenic wind will result in asthenic fever, excess heat or hemiplegia. While Lingshu·Cijiezhenxie mentioned that the exogenous pathogen attacks the hemibody and enters into ying and wei. The pathogen outweighs the vital qi and makes ying and wei deficient, which leads to hemiplegia. Lingshu Rebing also indicated that hemiplegia will make patients feel hemidysesthesia, for the disease location lies on the boundaries between muscles, so there was no unconsciousness and pronunciation difficulty. And the situation will come to a favourable result. However, when the patients have aphasia, the outcome is not so satisfactory. Thus, the invasion of exogenous wind is the main cause of apoplexy.2. There are also some exposition on disharmony of viscera, qi and blood inside the body in Neijing. The physicians afterward ascribed the point as deficiency of liver and kidney to the pathogenesis of apoplexy, which followed the original perspectives written in Neijing.3. In Neijing, there exists the pathogenesis caused by diet and over-behaved emotion too. Suwen·Liuyuan Zhengjidalun goes like this:liver expression can lead to tinnitus, whirl, unconsciousness, and abrupt failing down.In Suwen·Shengqi Tongtianlun, there is some record about the apoplexy: the outrage mood make the yangqi and blood ascending outwardly, resulting in raged syncope. Suwen·Tiaojinglun recorded the adverse of blood and qi make people syncope, if the qi cannot descend downward, people will die. Suwen·Tongping Xushilun mentioned apoplexy is a rich men's disease, over-take sugariness and sapid will lead to apoplexy. It also takes the over-take diet into consideration in treating with the apoplexy.The emotion and diet pathogenesis of apoplexy is the same as what diagnosis nowadays. It is thought the main cause of the emotion factor. The unconsciousness caused by cerebrovascular disease is the same as what is written in Neijing, such as coma, raged syncope, liver syncope and rigid syncope. Over-take fat and sweet food is the one of the leading factors in cerebrovascular diseases. The hyperlipemia nowadays is a high risk in cerebral strokeThere are four stages from outer to inner layers about the apoplexy's location written in Jinkui Yaolue·Zhongfeng Lijiebing syndrome differentiation:pathogen in collateral, pathogen in meridian, pathogen in internal organs and pathogen in visceral. Before Jin and Yuan Dynasty, the treatment mainly concentrated on eliminating evil and dispersing wind, of which represented by Sun Simiao. Physicians after Jin and Yuan Dynasty standed for syndrome differentiation in treating apoplexy. Tang Dynasty physician Sun Simiao held the point that in apoplexy's premium stage, acupuncture and moxibustion, decoctions and steaming in the bath should be applied to defense wind evil. He also put selection of acupoints through visceral syndrome differentiation and various methods into effect, pricking blood therapy and trogopterus dung like bimoxibustion, eg. Wang Guorui in Yuan Dynasty put emphasis on the acupuncture process. In his works Bianque Zhenjiu Yulongjing, he claimed that it is better to reinforce instead of induce on the healthy limbs, while it is on the contrary on the other side. His works about apoplexy developed the reinforcing and reducing theories in Lingshu.Different methods of acupuncture and moxibustion depend on the effect of treatment, which have also been the key and difficult points. Physicians from past generations have gathered various clinical experience and theoretical knowledge, they have made the apoplexy treatment more substantial and complete. The high research value of acupuncture therapy on treating apoplexy in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) theories and clinical practice remains us to lucubrate.This paper is to collate and study the content of the scattered literature of ancient medical books and treatment of apoplexy in particular, seeking their regularity of stroke syndrome differentiation, uniqueness and feasibility of the understanding:and to retrieve relevant literature and explore the ancient physicians on the apoplexy etiology, pathogenesis, symptom, syndrome, and the regularity of acupuncture treatment for apoplexy patients exposition, and then to analyse of the literature from the ancient history of apoplexy evolution of disease name from the initial description of similar symptoms, and finally to established as apoplexy, disease name to clarify the understanding of the disease.And from the external, internal and external point of view to review both of apoplexy symptoms and pathogenesis of the literature, identify the causes and incidence of stroke, clinical manifestations, and to determine the appropriate treatment is the rule of law. To analyze the process in the literature of acupuncture treatment for apoplexy patients and through its thorn moxibustion with points of law and summarize the main symptoms of acupuncture treatment for apoplexy patients, the main points of symptoms, sort out the acupuncture treatment of apoplexy, clear clinical application of its modern range. And the meridian laws of acupuncture treatment for apoplexy patients tend to favor an in-depth analysis. In order to properly guide the modern clinical syndrome differentiation and improve clinical efficacy. Furthermore, to make contributions to modern treatment of apoplexy.