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"SuiZhengShiLiang(regulating dose with different situations)" means adjusting the dosage according to patients'conditions, which includes increasing the dosage, decreasing the dosage or stopping medication. Regulating dose is a conventional method in the clinical treatment of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It might increase the efficacy, decrease the site effects, improve quality of live or enhance the compliance. This method contains three essential factors:indication, occasion and change of dosage. Whether do these three factors exist? What are their representations? There hasn't been any exact data or examples to answer these two questions.There are three methods in this research:analytical method ofclassics, epidemiological investigation and analytic approach of data came from clinical study.1. Analytical method of classic ancient booksObjective:Proving the existence of the three factors (indication, occasion and change of dosage). Generalizing the classification of the three factors from books named Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of Golden Chamber. Method: Selecting useful original sentences from the two books. Listing, recoding these sentences into data base, and classifying, summarizing, generalizing them. Result:The three factors (indication, occasion and change of dosage) do exist according to the research. There are four points of indication, which are (1) Whether did the disease recover or not? (2) Whether did the medicine show its' effectiveness? (3) Whether did the medicine show its'side effects? (4) Whether did the syndromes change? To describe the occasion of regulating dose, Zhang Zhongjing used "days, hours" in his books. The change of dose has been described flexible in the books. Zhongjing usually regulates dosage when the patients' syndromes have changed in these ways:(1) Using the same dose. (2) Increasing the dose of the whole decoction. (3) Stopping using preceding decoction. (4) Changing the dose of certain herb in the decoction. The three factors of regulating dose form a part of the theory of dosage in prescription, which contains using the same dosage when the medication was effective after treating for a while, stopping medication when the patient recovered, increasing dose when the medicine was ineffective, and changing the dose of certain herbs when syndromes of patient has changed.2. Epidemiological investigationObjective:Studying the specific expression of the factors (indication and occasion) in the treatment process of chronic disease (as diabetes for example) and acute disease (as children pneumonia for example), by researching the patients and doctors'acquaintance of the disease and their confidence to Chinese medicine. Methods:Designing four questionnaires for the diabetes patients, pneumonia children and their doctors. The questionnaires include the diagnostic criteria, therapeutic effects indexes, prognosis indexes, course of treatment, condition and reorganization of therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine, indexes could be improved by Chinese medicine, indexes be expected to improve by patients and doctors, onset time of Chinese medicine, enduring time of ineffectiveness, indication to regulate the dose and so on. Designing the samples before the investigation, calculating the frequency of each answers to questions in these questionnaires, summarizing and comparing the related questions.Results:(1) There are 21 questionnaires that came from endocrinologists and 95 questionnaires came from diabetes patients. By anglicizing the concerns, actions, onset time of Chinese Medicine, and the regulating dose time, it has indicated that Chinese medicine could decrease blood sugar, improve syndromes, delay complications. Doctors concerned HbAlc, and the patients concerned FPG in the treatment. Doctors pay attention to the change of blood sugar and syndromes at 2 weeks after medication, while patients concerned these in 4 weeks. Both of them figured out that dosage of prescription should be regulated when there are side effects or the medication is ineffective. (2) There are 28 questionnaires came from pediatricians and 113 questionnaires came from pneumonia children. By anglicizing the concerns, actions and onset time of Chinese Medicine, and the regulating dose time, it has indicated that both doctors and parents concerned the syndrome of fever mostly, and they considered Chinese medicine having effects of defervescing, relieving cough and shorting treatment course. Doctors pay more attention to the change of body temperature, while parents also concerned about cough. Most doctors thought dosage should be changed in 2 days if the medicine were ineffective or there was side effect while most parents thought it should be done in 3 days.3. Analytic approach of data came from clinical studyObjective:Summarizing meanings of the three factors by data mining of finished clinical studies. Methods:Analyzing data of two finished RCT clinical studies, one of which has one group of dosage, and another has three groups of dosage. Searching onset time and effecting value by correlation analyzing and frequency analyzing HbAlc and other relative indexes. Results:In the clinical study with one group of dose, there are three indexes, FBG04, FBG08, P2BG04, which are related to HbAlc. FBG08≥0.2mmol/L, FBG04≥0.5mmol/L and P2BG04≥0. 1mmol/L could be all considered as the indications of regulating dosage in the treatment of diabetes. But the most reliable indication is FBG04≥0.5mmol/L. In the clinical study with three groups of dosage, the data of treatment group and high dosage group reveal that FBG04 is related to HbAlc which could evaluate the effectiveness while the data of the whole study (including placebo group) and low dosage group reveal that the index which is relative with effectiveness is FBG08. FBG04≥0.6mmol/L is the indication of regulating dosage in treatment group, while FBG04≥0.3mmol/L is the indication of regulating dosage in high dosage group, and FBG08≥0. 1mmol/L is the indication of regulating dosage in low dosage group.4. ConclusionThree factors (indication, occasion and changes of dosage) of regulating dosage have been sumarised by three methods.a study project including the three factors can be established, which is a scientific methodological support to form and verify the theory of dosage in prescription of Chinese Medicine.