Environmentally Friendly Lubricants Optimized Formulation Testing And Abrasion Resistance

Lubricants are important petro-chemical products and have been vastly used in a wide line of industry and civil sectors. However, environmental pollution problems occurred because of improper discharging of lubricants. In many countries, laws and regulations have been established to confine the use of the low biodegradation in the areas sensitive to environment. Therefore it's very important to investigate environmentally friendly lubricant. There is a bigger difference between China and foreign countries on the species or quality of lubricants. It's necessary to research and develop environmentally friendly lubricants in our country.On the bases of studying fully formulation of environmentally friendly lubricant, the vegetable lubricants are researched with an emphasis on antiwear property.Specific study contents are as follows:(1) By introducing the friction mechanism and the lubrication mechanism of gasoline, according the oil film thickness equation for the crankshaft, connecting rod and bearing, the using performance and selecting principle are discussed.(2) According the characteristic of environmentally friendly lubricants and the methods to test the biodegradability, the biodegradability of some lubricants, including synthetic ester, natural vegetable oils, alkylbenzenes and polyalphaolefin oils, et al is investigated. Furthermore, the relationship worked out by this study of biodegradability with the structure and composition of lubricants is studied. Some problems about environmentally friendly lubricants are pointed out with the emphasis on showing the urgency to deepen and broaden tribological research work on environmentally friendly lubricants and additives.(3) By analyzing the environmentally friendly lubricant demands on the lubrication mechanism and biodegradable performance, the uniform design of experiment is used for arranging multi-level and multi-factor experiments. The stepwise technique is adopted to put forward the question. The sensitivity and compatibility among additives and base oils are studied by a series of texts. The optimum formulation of 10W/30SH gasoline is presented. Several experiments aremade to evaluate the property of formulation by comparing with commercial oils and the biodegradability of the lubricant is investigated with the reference of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development standard OECD 301. The results show that their qualities are equivalent and former is biodegradable.(4) The extreme-pressure and antiwear properties of phosphate ester, dialkyl dithiophosphate, NaBO₂ as additives in vegetable oils are studied by a MQ-800. four-ball machine. The results show that additives can increase the antiwear and extreme pressure properties of vegetable oils. They were potential environmentally friendly lubricating additives. At last the action mechanism of vegetable oils and additives is analyzed: A boundary film is formed with the triester of vegetable oils and tribo-chemical reaction products of lubricants. This contributes to improve the tribological properties of vegetable oils.(5) Nanometerials have great potential as lubricating material for development of lubrication technology. Recently nanoparticles as oil additives have gained more and more attention for the purpose of reducing wear. In this paper, TiO₂ nanoparticle as oil additive is preliminary discussed and applied. Text results show TiO₂ nanoparticle is capable of improving the antiwear property of vegetable oils. This can be attributed to the formation of a boundary film composed of the deposited nanoparticles to heal the worn metal surfaces.