A Study On Ecological Compensation Mechanism Of Xianghai Wetland Water Supplement

Since2000, because of the impact of climate change and socio-economicdevelopment, Xianghai wetland is in successive years of drought, the reduction ofwetland area is up to90%and the degradation of ecological functions is serious. Intheory, the stability of the wetland ecosystem structure depends largely on the stabilityof water supply. Ecological water supplement is an important way that ensure thewetlands' recovery which have dried up or are under the threaten of water shortage.Thus, it is imminent to start the Xianghai wetland ecological water supplement projectand solve the problem of Xianghai wetland water. However, in practice, in the processof Xianghai wetland ecological water supplement, the unfair distribution of therelevant ecological and economic benefits has spoiled harmonious developmentamong the regions and the stakeholders. The ecological compensation then hasbecome the key factor to constrain social and economic supplement of ecologicalwater supplement project for Xianghai wetland. Therefore, to study wetlandecological water supplement`s compensation mechanism has important significance.On one hand, it can provide guidance that the equitable distribution of all parties'interests in the wetland ecological water supplement process. On the other hand, it canalso lay the foundation for the balance of interests between the related subjects ofTaoer River basin and Huolin River basin in the process of water supplement.Ecological compensation of Xianghai wetland water supplement is a ecologicalcompensation behavior caused by Xianghai wetland ecological water supplement,which performs as the beneficiaries of Xianghai wetland ecological water supplement.Under the constraints of the rules and regulations, ecological compensation is abehavior, which provides compensation for impaired as well as water supplementservices areas, institutions and individuals. The size of ecological compensation rangeis closely related to wetland supplement line and the amount of supplement water. Thelevel of ecological compensation standard is codetermined by the amount of supplement water, the affect scope and extent, and other factors. Therefore, the studyof Xianghai wetland ecological water supplement ecological compensationmechanism should be on the basis of sufficient demonstration research in Xianghaiwetland ecological water supplement feasible scheme, analyzing the sphere ofinfluence and profit and loss relations of Xianghai wetland ecological watersupplement, to determine the compensation object, compensation standards, andcompensation model of Xianghai wetland ecological water supplement, and finallyimprove safeguard mechanism of Xianghai wetland ecological water supplement.Thus, the ecological compensation and water replenishment mechanism ofXianghai wetland include two aspects: the one is exploring the feasible schemes ofXianghai wetland water replenishment, and the other is establishing ecologicalcompensate mechanisms during the process of Xianghai wetland water replenishment.The distribution of water replenishment from month to month during the hydratingscheme design and the ecological compensation standard of Xianghai wetland are thekey problems which need to be solved in this study.The former is the base ofanalyzing incidence of wetland water supplement, the relationship between the profitsand losses of the points and influence extent; and the latter is the key factor thatdecided whether the ecological compensation of wetland water supplement isreasonable, effective and long-acting. These are also the difficult technical problem tobe resolved in this study.This paper firstly bases on sufficient investigation and analysis on Xianghaiwetland general situation and the surrounding water systems using status. Based onthe Xianghai wetland ecosystem water balance, giving special consideration to therelative stability of the surface area of Xianghai wetland, estimating of wetlandecological water requirement and analyzing of wetland monthly water demandprocess to determine the wetland ecological water supplement target. This paper alsoanalyses the amount of natural water to Xianghai wetlands in different precipitationguarantee rate year, determines the replenishment of water and supplement scenarios,determines the supplement headwaters, supplement line and supplement timecombining with the Taoer River basin and Huolin River basin water resource features. The results show that the ecological water requirement of Xianghai wetland is1.91hundred million m~3. To meet the ecological water requirement, when theprecipitation guarantee rate is75%, the water intake is0.87hundred million m~3; whenit is95%, the water intake is0.25hundred million m~3. This paper designs recentdiversion scheme (not consider impermeable) and forward diversion scheme (considerimpermeable, water loss rate of40%) on the basis of considering the canalimpermeable control or not. During the flood season of low-water years(from June toAugust) of Xianghai wetland, it is to start water supplement project from Tao Riverinto Xianghai wetland or from Cha-er-sen reservoir into Xianghai wetland. It iscontinuous water supplement to Xianghai wetland, drawing water from Tao River–Longhuatu, the bleeder--main canal from Tao.Second, to minimize the influence of wetland water supplement to other watergroups, the paper adopts monthly water supplement mode to Xianghai wetland. Thispaper studies general principles of wetland water supplement distribution from twoperspectives,"Water constraints" and "cost constraint". Establish monthly watersupplement model,and determine the wetland flood season (June—August) themonthly water allocation. Research shows that in recent diversion scheme, theproportion of unpaid diversion for38%in75%frequency years and for56%in95%frequency years. In the forward diversion scheme (consider impermeable), theproportion of unpaid diversion is68%in75%frequency years and100%in95%frequency years.Analyze the influence scope of wetland supplement water solution and profit andloss relationship. Determine the ecological compensation subject, object and way ofwetland water supplement. This paper introduces the judgment factors called ratio ofwater deficiency in the sphere of compensation and the determination ofcompensation object. If the water unit's ratio of water deficiency has no change beforeand after water diversion, it will be not be included in the scope of ecologicalcompensation. Research shows that the main effected scopes of schemes of drawingwater from Tao River into Xianghai wetland are the downstream areas of Longhuatusections of Tao-er River. The main effected scopes of schemes of drawing water from Cha-er-sen reservoir into Xianghai wetland are Cha-er-sen reservoir and thedownstream areas of it. The ecological compensation subject of this project are thegovernment, aquaculture in wetland, tourism and other industrial groups., while theecological compensation object of Xianghai wetland water supplement should beCha-er-sen reservoir administration, administration and farmers of Xing-an-meng andTao-er River irrigated areas whose ratio of water deficiency changed in the scopeaffected.With the principles of comprehensive, fair and workable, we combined theincome loss method, the cost analysis, as well as the opportunity cost method toestablish the eco-compensation standard calculation model for wetland. The relevantinformation shows that the industrial water of affected areas and distributed irrigationagriculture water are derived from groundwater, so we mainly considerate thecentralized irrigation agriculture loss when we accounting the Xianghai wetlandecological compensation standard filling water. Date shows that the ecologicalcompensation standard of drawing water from Tao-er River in the short term demands45.67million Yuan in years of75%precipitation assurance and11.11million Yuan inyears of95%precipitation assurance. In the long term demands16.87million Yuan inyears of95%,the cost only accounted for36%of Recent hydrating scheme. For thescheme that drawing water from Cha-er-sen reservoir, demands29.96million Yuan inyears of95%precipitation assurance.Establish the sharing model between multiple principals and multiple objectallocation models by integrate the income level of compensation subject, thewillingness to pay, the ability to pay, the vary of water shortage rate and the extent ofdamage for compensate object. The result shows that ecological compensation fundsto Xianghai wetland shared by the central government, local government. For thedrawing water from Tao-er river, in the near future hydrating scheme, thecompensation amount for Tao-er river irrigation area administration is1.38millionYuan and44.29million Yuan for irrigation farmers in years of75%precipitationassurance;0.28million Yuan for Tao-er river irrigation area administration and10.83million Yuan for irrigation farmers in years of95%precipitation assurance; in The forward hydrating scheme, the compensation amount for irrigation area administrationis1.33million Yuan and for irrigation farmers is15.54million Yuan in years of75%precipitation assurance; For the hydrating water scheme from Cha-er-sen reservoir,compensate Tao-er river irrigated area18.3million Yuan,6.7million Yuan for Xing'anmeng irrigated area, and4.98million Yuan for Cha-er-sen reservoir.Finally, establish the implementation mechanisms for wetland replenishmentecological compensation including defining responsibilities, developing programs,organization and implementation, supervision and evaluation and performanceassessment to ensure implementation of the compensation mechanism.