Research On Evaluation And Optimization Of Agricultural Spatial Pattern Based On Eco-civilization In China

Agriculture is a key component of the construction of eco-civilization in China. The research on evaluation and optimization of agricultural spatial pattern based on eco-civilization in China is of great theoretical and practical significance to understand objectively the level of agricultural eco-civilization,to construct a scientific and rational pattern of agricultural development, and to promote the construction of eco-civilization with agricultural modernization and green development harmonically.This paper defined the concept and connotation of the agricultural eco-civilization, established an evaluation method for agricultural spatial pattern which characterized by agricultural eco-civilization index and coordination degree. Based on the method, this paper evaluated 31 provinces and 3 typical provinces in China by using agricultural eco-civilization index and the coordination degree, and analyzed the time and space differentiation characteristics. Then the directions and countermeasures of optimization of different regions were discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:First of all, it defined the concept and the connotation of agricultural eco-civilization. This paper suggested that the connotation of agricultural eco-civilization mainly refers to the ecological civilization concept, take the continuous improvement in productivity, sustainable utilization of resources,ecological environment improvement and social prosperity as the goal, realize the agricultural production development, life improve peasants and rural ecological good stroke, finally realizes the harmonious development of man and nature.Secondly, it constructed the evaluation index system of the agricultural eco-civilization which constitutes with 4 system tiered indices and 34 variable tiered indices, and the comprehensive index evaluation model was established with the index weight determined by using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) combined with the Delphi method. Quantitative evaluation of 31 provinces was done for both index of provincial agricultural ecological civilization and its support systems in 2013. The results showed that the indexes of provincial agricultural eco-civilization were overall low and presented gradient differences, and the differences of each support system in different regions were significant.Thirdly, it conducted the cluster analysis by using the method of system clustering based on the evaluation results of agricultural eco-civilization index. The 31 provinces were divided into five types of regions by considering spatial pattern, including the high level balanced development area, middle-high level ecological environmental pressure area, middle level resource utilization pressure area, middle-low level agricultural&social development pressure area and low level disequilibrium development area.And then, the coordination degree evaluation model of agricultural eco-civilization was built based on the principle of deviation coefficient, and carried out evolution of spatio-temporal characteristics and differentiation of both the indexes and their coordination degrees of agricultural eco-civilization from2007 to 2013 of the three typical provinces, which included Heilongjiang, Henan and Sichuan. The results showed that both the indexes and coordination degrees of agricultural eco-civilization of the three typical provinces were significantly increased, the coordination degrees had successively reached the level of "good coordination", but the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of each supportsubsystem were very different.Next, it discussed the directions and paths of optimization of agricultural spatial pattern in different regions.(1) the high level balanced development area should pay more attention to ecological environmental protection and resource utilization based on steadily improving agricultural comprehensive production capacity;(2) the middle-high level ecological environmental pressure area should make full use of regional economic and social advantages, promote the convergence of primary,secondary and tertiary industries, increase investment in environmental protection, and improve the level of resource utilization;(3) middle level resource utilization pressure area should give full play to regional advantages, develop high-tech modern city agriculture, reduce the environmental load, increase the utilization level of resources, explore the multifunction of agriculture, and realize the integration development of both urban and rural area;(4) middle-low level agricultural&social development pressure area should pay equal attention to protection and development, moderate tap potential based on regional resources endowment and ecological environmental condition, develop characteristic industry,improve the utilization rate of resources, the rural income level and living conditions;(5) low level disequilibrium development area should put protection in the first place, limit development, modestly develop ecological industry and characteristic industry on the basis of ecological environmental protection, improve the rural income level by extension of the industrial chain.Finally, countermeasures were discussed for the optimization of agricultural spatial pattern.(1) let the market play the decisive role on the allocation of agricultural resources;(2) strengthen the support and supervision of the government for promoting the construction of agricultural eco-civilization;(3) let the modern agricultural management system play a principal role on the optimization of agricultural spatial pattern;(4) release the multiplier effect of the convergence of agricultural primary, secondary and tertiary industries;(5) attach great importance to the coordination and balance of both international and domestic markets and resources.