Isolation And Culture Of Neural Stem Cell And Its Application In Senile Neurodegenerative Disease

It tranditionally believed that neural cells losed with disease or injury could not be replaced in the adult mammalian brain. It means that neural cells in the adult mammalian brain only gradually decreased, and were not renewed. This discouraged people to treat neurodegenerative disease. During the last years, scientists had found one terminal undifferential cell, which could self-renew and was multipotent. It was termed as neural stem cell or neural precursor cell. Neurogenesis is the process of producing new neurons, included the proliferating, surviving and differentiating of neural stem cell. Until now, it has concluded that there are at least two neurogenesis regions: subventricular zone (SVZ), and subgranular zone (SGZ) of dentate gyrus. The process of neurogenesis was regulated by many factors, including physiological activity and pathologic injury. More of important, these new born neural cells could integrate into the existed neural circuitry, develop synaptic connection, and participate in the function, including the repair of brain function. It brought the hope for thetreat of neurodegenerative diseases.Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) were common neurodegenerative diseases. The mainly pathological changes in AD included senile plaque formed with Aβ deposition, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), synapses loss and neural cell death. The characteristic pathology in PD is the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.It had been found that Aβ played a critical role in the progress of AD. Aβ caused the degeneration of neurons, especially in the hippocampus. It had been demonstrated that neurogenesis is reduced during aging, and the proliferation of neural stem cells is decreased. There was no report about the effect of Aβ on the proliferation of neural stem cells. On the other hand, PD was suitable for cell transplantation therapy because the dopaminergic...