| Prostate cancer is the leading cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in men in the western countries. The incidence of the prostate cancer is continuously increasing in our country also. The problems of the diagnosis and therapy appeared sharper and sharper with the patients increasing. Among the problems, the therapy of the androgen-independent prostate cancer is more difficult than the others. Herbal mixture named PC-SPES has been used for therapy of prostate cancer since 1996 in the United States of America. Not only it can remit the clinic symptoms of patients, and also it can postpone the progression of the disease. Besides, the remarkable effects of the herbal mixture on the androgen-independent patients are more interested. But in 1. 2002, Hygiene and health center in California in the United States of America declared that the herbal mixture was contaminated with diethylstilbestrol (DES). So there appears an argument that which one, herbal mixture or DES gave rise to the effects on patients. In addition, PC-SPES has the side effect of estrogen-like in the course of therapy. So it is necessary to improve it. It was well known that PC-SPES includes seven Chinese herbs and a Mexican herb. Because the Mexican herb Saw Palmetto contains phytoestrogen, it possessing estrogen-like effect. Saw Palmetto was removed from PC-SPES and the seven traditional Chinese herbs prescription was remained and named PC-SPES Ⅱ. PC-SPES Ⅱ was refined from the reserved seven Chinese herbs and wasn't contaminated with DES detected by LC-MS. The problem that whether the Chinese herbal mixture PC-SPES Ⅱ still have antineoplastic effects deserves our researching. At the same time, avoiding the side effects of estrogen-like may be another advantage obtained from getting rid of Mexican herb. To resolve this problem, we verified the PC-SPES Ⅱ 's effects of arresting cell cycle and inducing the apoptosis on the androgen-independent prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines PC-3, DU145 in vitro. First of all, we detected the expression of SLe~x on the cell surface—a prognostic indicator for prostate cancer in the androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines and further identified the difference of biological behaviour among cell lines. Accordingly, different antineoplasmic effects of PC-SPES Ⅱ on different biological behaviour cell lines was confirmed and then persuasively proved the catholicity of antineoplasmiceffects of PC-SPES II. Moreover, we can find out the common mechanism of molecular biology by comparing the way of arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis between the two cell lines.Part 1. Enzymology mechanism and significance of the expression of SLex antigen on prostate cancer cell surfaceSLex antigen mainly resides in sugar chains of glycolipid and glycoprotein on the cell surface. During normal cell convert into the tumor cell, the structure of glycan must change. So did that of the prostate cancer cells and the high expression of SLex is closely correlated with the adrogen-independence, metastasis and progression of the prostate adenocarcinoma. So it is an important prognostic indicator of prostate cancer. But how does it express in various prostate cancer cell lines is unknown by far. The results were as following:1. the cell surface of LNCap,PC-3 and DU145 cell all has the expression of SLex and the expressions of Slex among these three cell lines are different and gradually elevated in order of LNCaP PC-3>DU145. However, the expressions of C2GnT-II among the three cell lines was contrary to C2GnT-I, the same as Slex, were in order of LNCap |
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