| Lately, the debate regarding the comparison of Eastern and Western medicine hasn’t stop. There are numerous difficulties in comparing these two approaches. The same terminology may apply to entirely different facts, the teaching and learning methods are quite different, and the evaluation of the treatment is almost not comparable. People wanted to use Western medicine to assimilate the Eastern medicine. Then, what can integrate the two of them? Only Science can explain it. So, the main issue of the argument between the two kinds of medicine is "Does Eastern medicine has a scientific basis?"Nowadays, it is still a very sensitive problem in Eastern medicine. According to Einstein "For Science, in our purpose, we may define it as:Seek methodical regularity between the minds of our sensory experience." According to this, no one can tell Eastern medicine has no basis of Science. Cognitive science technology, information science technology and life science technology are hailed as the three major centers of science and technology in the words of 21st Century. Based on any of theory or any field of human cognition cannot get rid of this basic. So we can say cognitive science and technology is throughout the development of all concepts, theories and professional being of human. In other words, all the achievements of human civilization are achieved, whether physical or mental, it’s reflected on the nature of human cognitive achievements.Westerns have a generalized description of science and technology which is:"Science is a knowledge system which human use to find out "how" and "why" it exists." Technology is for human to adapt and overcome the nature, created to solve "what to do?" and how to do?" And this can be traced back to Aristotle. In Zabzabinglun, there’s a quite difference from western medicine of "how" and "why" in human physiology, pathology and pharmacology. Zhong Jing Chung built a fairly rigorous and effective system. This system is not experimental science. It should belong to natural philosophy, and the philosophy of the natural system of medicine that does not have a modern medical theory and cannot be completely replaced. These are not all the phenomenological theory or a speculation and cannot be completely expressed by modern scientific language.Differential treatment is an important concept in Eastern medicine and it’s also the basis of diagnosis and treatment for a disease. The procedure can be separated into two steps differentiation and treatment. The process of differential treatment is also the procedure to resolve the problem. "Check the pulse and the symptom to identify the cause then proceed to treatment", what we are going to solve is "how, why and what" is the issue. A typical order to solve the problem is to do assessment, determine the problem, characterize the problem, plan the possible solutions, execution of the plan, and to evaluate the solutions. "Check the pulse and the symptom to identify the cause", is a process to identify and characterize the problem. "Proceed to treatment ", is a plan of solutions and execution of plans. For the diagnosis and treatment of this series have a cognitive process of goal-directed operation. Eastern doctor’s principle changes, following the information which we got from before and after the treatment, to make it perfect step by step. Since the differential treatment is a series of goal-directed cognitive process operation. Then, we can study it as cognitive psychology problem solving stance. Differential treatment is a major feature of Chinese medicine. Study it by the perspective of cognitive psychology, undoubtedly has important significance.Everyone are eager to learn and are interested in the world of how chinese traditional doctor treats people. Its also a way for traditional Chinese medicine to achieve the modernization clinically and promote the Eastern medicine to reach the world. This study is base on the clinical activities thinking of Chinese traditional medicine in the general process. Using Science for thinking, cognitive science and other disciplines of knowledge and methods from many aspects of TCM clinical examination. The general process of differentiation, governance and treatment of mental activity, methods, rules, internal contact mechanism to conduct a comprehensive study and research to provide understanding and research guideline of traditional Chinese medicine.This study is divided into five parts; (1.) The present research in cognitive psychology and research at home and abroad for problem solving; (2.) Analyze the diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine through a cognitive psychology and discover the diagnosis and treatment of "Zabzabinglun". This contains a deeper and further understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of "Zabzabinglun", who is from Zhong Jing Chung. This will be done by solving the problem from a theoretical problem-solving strategies, problem space construction, knowledge representation, and learning and migration theory; (3.) Discussion of how TCM thinks on their research status, including the diagnosis process and treatment which is focusing on the discovery of the effects of traditional Chinese medicine doctor in the form of diagnosis and treatment of thinking. In addition, discussion of the basic process of thinking in clinical medicine and clinical thinking features of TCM from a cognitive perspective. And the use of the cognitive perspective to discuss the four classic Chinese medicine book "Yi Jing" and "Nei Jing", and "Zabzabinglun". And expecting to completely understand the system and architecture of traditional Chinese medicine theory through the study of the way TCM thinks and the classic study of traditional Chinese medicine; (4.) Give the test of problem characterization and treatment strategies to the practitioners in Taiwan through questionnaire to clarify diagnosis and treatment status of the expert or novice to explore their characteristics and laws of cognitive psychology; (5.) Summarize and point out the significance of this study.The objective of the study are; (1.) Base on the cognitive psychology to understand the way of TCM’s thinking for the diagnosis and treatment and to explore the characteristics and dynamics of TCM’s clinical practice. (2.) Reveal the syndrome that is characterized by the diversity and differences for different TCM and also to score the mental process of the experts for title who participated by varying significantly with the difference between whether or not. (3.) We can find out that the differences of knowledge and experience in the characterization of the syndrome between experts and beginners. (4) To find ideas for further improvement in future through the results of survey to observe if there is a difference of diagnosis and treatment plan between different levels of expertise of TCM.Research methods:this research will do descriptive study to different levels of TCM’s doctor by using the cognitive psychology questionnaires to allow different levels of the subjects to do the questionnaires then separate those who will undergo the test into groups by course, degrees, and the length of clinical experience of TCM. Use Microsoft excel 2010 to make the form for questionnaires then use SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) Statistical Software to analyze the data. Distribution of variables by the number of times, the percentage of category, and continuous distribution again by the average and standard deviation, Then to the Chi-square test whether the difference in two or three groups of variables in each category (subject option). Relative risk (RR) will present in different group (such as age stratification) in the ratio of answer and discussing the options; (Odds) is a ratio of the number of people incurring an event to the number of people who do not have an event; (Odds Ratio, OR) is the ratio of the odds of having the target disorder in the experimental group relative to the odds in favour of having the target disorder in the control group or the odds in favour of beimg exposed in subjects with the target disorder divided by the odds in favour of beimg exposed in control subjects without the target disorder.Further use of logistic regression adjusts for age, learning processes and TCM’s methods by odds, then we can compare the difference and analyze the data.Results:(1) The title in the collection of symptoms and the majority of the subjects were selected as new message and to adjust the change; (2) In title of a dialectical mode will focus more on organs syndrome and six meridians which most subjects are classified according to the nature of the symptoms; (3) The title of the typical symptoms by experienced experts that focus more in the diagnosis the symptoms of the disease; (4) In contradictory title of tongue disease, most of the subjects tend to focus more in the disease but experienced expert give more emphasis on the tongue; (5) In the symptoms of supplementary questions, the main symptoms mostly are included in the cognitive schemata; (6) In the title of treatment strategy, most of the subjects will choose physical symptom followed by internal; reality rather than virtual; acute symptom than chronic as the treatment strategies. But when there is an empirical syndrome and acute syndrome, most of the subjects after treatment strategies will tend to choose the internal first than physical; (7) In the title of the prescription, the treatment have a different prescriptions preferences.Conclusions:In the entire file, you will have the following conclusions:The definition of problem solving have three ways, first, problem solving must have a purpose and directivity; second, problem solving is a series of operations; and the last, of course, it should be a cognitive operation that problem solving is essentially a thinking activity.From the theoretical point of problem solving to view the process of TCM’s diagnosis and treatment it’s a knowledge-rich context that requires a large amount of specific knowledge to help in solving the problem. Therefore, the more theoretical knowledge of Chinese medicine system and more experienced TCM doctor, the more available information they can get during the process of diagnosis and treatment. The more possibility to make the correct symptoms information representation.Based on the mechanism from problem solving, Physicians who have extensive clinical experience in long-term memory stored many successful examples from the past. When there are new patients or new symptoms then the symptoms trail information will be felt and processed and start the appropriate treatment sample. Characterization of the sample in accordance with the previously successful model can quickly form a correct characterization of the new issue. So, by priming the effect of cognitive point of view, the more extensive clinical experience of physicians the more accurate diagnosis and treatment and the more quickly.In general, solving the problems will follow the following procedure, namely:the expected estimate-hypothesis-testing-Confirmed. If you cannot confirm the hypothesis then put forward a new, will contain a modified consciousness. People in the diagnostic process will continue with the increase of information on the disease to their own conclusions and assumptions made amendments, While the more comprehensive collection of symptoms can help to get more appropriate diagnosis.There is a difference between expert and novice in problem solving. The longer one learns, the higher the age and the more clinical experience, the faster the diagnosis. The basic properties of the conclusions in identifying specific evidence are relatively cautious. It needs to make a conclusion after a comprehensive collection of symptoms and mostly give the comprehensive judgment after analysis four diagnoses. When faced to the series of symptoms experts also tend to focus more on the symptoms which is more helpful in diagnosis.People pay attention to highlight the language or new information is more often. And will have an impact on its conclusions. But different situations or contexts will increase or decrease the highlights of some of the elements. Therefore, in clinical, being patient deliberately enlarged or prominent symptom description.For the presence of symptoms and signs of discrimination and the difference between non-novices and experts, may arise and hold comprehensive information on patients without the presence of respect. To grasp this information, in addition to have a very good clinical experience outside should also have good critical thinking skills.If the clinical diagnosis and treatment plus background makes the diagnosis and treatment process more complete, only the picture may not be enough light. There will be a number of missing. So, the questionnaire must be coupled with the background and the negative concept to be more perfect.I believe that the Chinese medical system can use three systems, namely, diagnosis and treatment, party card on the rule and distinctions of governance. TDS has superiority in theory construction, square card on the rule has priority in clinical applications, and identified the body of governance can be identified at the time of undocumented more flexible.The physician’s experience is difficult to fully inherit. And the experience is difficult to replicate. Because most books or expert knowledge and someone else’s reasoning. They need to have self-internalization process. Not only to have the process of logical deduction based on the strict basis but to be able to truly integrate the knowledge and practice.
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