Biotransfer Of Insecticidal Proteins In Food Chains Of Bt Rice-herbivores-spiders And The Impact Of Bt Rice On Representative Spider In Paddy Field

1 Biotransfer and bioaccumulation of CrylAb protein in rice plant-herbivores-natural enemy food webArthropods were collected from Bt rice field by vacuum-suction machine and the sweep net method. After identification of arthropods species, ELISA was conducted to detecte the CrylAb level. The results showed that the majority of herbivorous insects (such as leafhopper, brown planthopper, etc.) contain significant quantities of CrylAb protein. Furthermore, parasitoid and predator collected from these agroecosystems also contained significant quantities of CrylAb protein indicating its movement into higher trophic levels. This uptake by natural enemy is likely to have occurred by direct feeding on plant material or the consumption of arthropod prey which contained these proteins. These levels of exposure should therefore be considered during future risk assessments of transgenic crops to nontarget herbivores and arthropod predators.2 Effect of Bt rice on the development and immunity of Pardosa pseudoannulata and its mechanismAssessment of the effect of Bt rice on growth and fecundity of P. pseudoannulata was conducted. The results show that, Bt rice did not significantly affect the survival rate, duration and fecundity of P. pseudoannulata. Furthermore the number of hemocytes, encapsulation rate and PO activity of P. pseudoannulata was detected. Although pesticides significantly reduced the number of hemocytes and encapsulation rate of P. pseudoannulata, Bt rice did not significantly impact immune function. BBMV and Cry1Ab binding experiments indicate the BBMV of P. pseudoannulata has no CrylAb protein receptor, which may be the reason why no negative effects of Bt rice on this spider.3 Effect of Bt rice on the control pests ability and functional response of P. pseudoannulataPercentage of P. pseudoannulata testing positive for Nilaparvata lugens remains under field condition was tested using ELISA and PCR. The results indicate the average percentage of P. pseudoannulata testing positive for N. lugens was 40%. No significant difference was found between Bt rice and control rice field. Functional response results show that P. pseudoannulata from Bt rice and control rice fields prey no significantly different amount N. lugens at the same prey density. Their functional response all belong to Hollingâ…¡type reaction, and the attack constant and handling time were not significantly different.4 Preparation and preliminary application of LDR chip used to evaluate the structure of spider preyFor the first time, we describe a novel method, an available and sensitively approach to track 15 preys in the gut of spider, based on ligase reaction detection (LDR). We present estimators for several detectable parameters (sensitivity and specificity). We also describe field experiments that different spider species gut content analysis can track their predation diversity. Hundreds samples from the Bt rice and non-Bt control support the reliability of this technology. Finally, a total of 50 spiders for one sampling, in which way the predation diversity of spider could be observed, are suggested by authors. These results imply that PCR-LDR can be feasible and flexible applied to large scale ecological studies between predators and preys not only in transgenic rice field, but also in many other areas such as exotic biological invasion.