The Research Of Participatory Forest Ecosystem Management Model Design And Risk Assessment

At present, the forestry property right system reform in collective forest area in Southern China is implementing. How to implement sustainable forest management which has a clear property right has become the focus of the supporting policies concerning property right system reform in Southern China. Therefore, how to integrate the forest resource management with the society reform and to explore some of sustainable forest management models cannot only guarantee the benefits forest farmer's economic, but also achieve ecological benefits and social benefits, which is significant to guarantee the successful implementation of the forestry property right system reform.In this study, the backgrounds of the forest ecosystem management theory and research status are analyzed. In addition, on the basis of comparing, analyzing and referring to overseas forest ecosystem management models as well as absorbing the forest ecosystem management theory and the essence of participatory idea, the theoretical framework of the participatory forest ecosystem management model is proposed, and the theory and method of the forest ecosystem management model integrated risk assessment are discussed. At the same time, a case of the forest ecosystem management of Ansha town in Yongan city Fujian province is studied along with the consideration of its natural conditions, social economic development level, and the difference of the cultural systems. Based on the previous experiment, the comprehensive risk assessment of participatory forest ecosystem management model is studied in Ansha town, and the related necessary guarantee systems on implementing the model are proposed. It is a new way to realize sustainable management of the local forest and gives reference to implementing the forest ecosystem management in China. The main results of the research are as follows:(1)The participatory forest ecosystem management model refers to a characteristic and steady forest resource management system, which has an expeditious and flexible feedback mechanism. Its idea comes from ecosystem management ideology, with the final goal of realizing forest sustainable management which is a harmony of ecological, economic and social benefits, with the adaptability management as the key content, by the means of phase risk assessment and perennial monitoring and evaluation, and with the related interest group including community residents participating in the organization. It is a forest resource management model in accordance with the development of Chinese nature, economy, society and culture, which is based on the forest ecosystem management theory and the participatory idea. It emphasizes the participation of the related interest group, especially the complete participation of the community residents, and mobilizes the enthusiasm of the community residents sufficiently.(2)The aim of the forest ecosystem management determines the scale and boundary of management. The multi-scale goal structure system of the participatory forest ecosystem management comes from the multi-participation decision-making mechanism of the related interest group. The multi-goal also means the multi-risk. In order to coordinate and counterpoise the conflicts of the multi-goal, forecast and prevent the potential multi-risk, it needs integrated management of forest ecosystem in a trans-scale and multi-risk way by reasonable planning. Therefore, the participatory forest ecosystem management model needs the risk assessment in the same trans-scale and multi-risk-source way, and the risk source includes not only ecological risk pressure factors, but also social and economic risk pressure factors, namely, from single ecological risk assessment to the integrated risk assessment.(3)With the dynamic evaluation of the implementing effect of the forest ecosystem management model, by the means of phase risk assessment and perennial monitoring and evaluation, offering the decision-making information for adaptability management is the key content of the participatory forest ecosystem management. The ecological risk assessment is a method to estimate the converse changes probability of the forest ecosystem and it is important in the forest ecosystem management. At the same time, the economic and social risk assessment is important too, because the cost is very high and sometimes there is no available technology to emphasize ecological risk management. The integrated risk assessment can improve the comprehensiveness and feasibility by including economic and social factors, becoming s an integration tool to comprehensive policy.(4) The participatory forest ecosystem management is an important way to realize forest sustainable management. First, it can improve the participation efficiency of forest farmers. After making it clear to forest farmers how to participate in management, and the approach of participation, the participation enthusiasm of forest farmers becomes more modelized and standard. Second, it can achieve scale economy. It can unite the dispersive forest farmers to form a whole who apply for the independent cutting quota and the united loan, by making the project of forest ecosystem management. Not only can it realize moderate scale management, but also avoid forest farmers losing forest land. Third, it can coordinate the conflict of interests among stakeholders. It takes the desirability of all resource stakeholders into consideration, balances the benefits of various social strata, and coordinates the short-term benefits in long-term viewpoint. At last, it can achieve forest sustainable management, emphasizing the idea of forest ecosystem management to manage forests. It will quickly adjust the management measure and project in case the risk exceeds anticipation, by the means of aperiodic risk assessment and perennial monitoring and evaluation,(5) The integrated risk of the participatory forest ecosystem management can predigest as the integrated risk of managing the farmers-forest complex ecosystem. The framework of the risk assessment index system is proposed, by analyzing the influence factors of the integrated risk of the farmers-forest complex ecosystem, and by considering the availability of data. It includes eight ecological risk indexes, seventeen economic risk indexes, and twelve social risk indexes. And some of the indexes are the same, because certain indexes influence not only ecological risk, but also economic and social risk.(6)In the study, the ecological, economic and social risk expectation of the samples comes from the simulation of BP network, and the samples can be clustered into three types by the method of clustering analysis. In the first type, all of the ecological, economic and social risk is relatively low, and the integrated risk is the lowest. The characteristic of this type is that there isn't only one tree specie planted in the forest land, and that every forest land has bigger area. It means the biodiversity of forest land is important for reducing the integrated risk. In the second type, the economic risk is relatively high, social and ecological risk is moderate. The characteristic of this type is that the forest management has more forest lands, which belongs to the type of large family management. The large family has strong status in the country, and leases more forest lands by land transfer and contract with large capital input. So they must face higher economic risk. In the third type, all of the ecological, economic and social risk is very high. The characteristic of this type is shortness of management term, singleness tree specie and lean forest land, thus the integrated risk is higher. The study indicates that, by the method of BP network model and clustering analysis, not only can it evaluate the single and integrated risk of the complex ecosystem, but it can also discover the main influencing factors of risk by analyzing the clustering results. It can provide scientific reference to adjusting the project of the participatory forest ecosystem management.(7)The forest ecosystem management is not only about natural science, but it is also related to society, economy and culture. It needs society, economy and political power to sustain and drive forward, and it must be carried out in the market economy system by means of economy and administration. Therefore, it needs a corresponding guarantee system for successful implementation. The clear property right means to give community residents the right to manage forest, and it is the precondition of implementing participatory forest ecosystem management in collective forest area in Southern China. The participatory forest ecosystem management model has a relatively stable organization to manage forest resource, with the related interest group including forest farms participating in it, which has expeditious and flexible feedback mechanism. The organization offers a stable and efficient management platform for forest farms participating in management. Not only does it resolves the problem of the lack of participatory forestry maneuverability, but it also absorbs the ideological quintessence of the participatory forestry. It is an important organization form to realize forest sustainable management in collective forest area in Southern China.