| Mangroves are woody plant communities, growing in intertidal zone of tropical coast. With the effect of warm oceanic current and tide, some species can grow in subtropical zone, some in river estuary as well as coast and land area where seawater can reach. What so called "true mangroves ", composed of mangroves, grows in intertidal land soaked by tide daily. "Semi-mangroves", amphibious plants, grow in upper tidal zone immersed by higher tide, but in spring tide period only.Mangroves, as a special forest, growing in tropical and subtropical zone, occupy mainly five functions as(1) Protect embankment, prompt the process of land formation;(2) Filter land runoff, terrestrial organic substances and pollutants;(3) Provide the excellent feeding ground and living habitats for many marine animals, such as fish, birds and organisms;(4) Provide organic detritus that contribute to offshore productivity;(5) Be utilized as wood, firewood, food, medicine, and chemical material.Therefore, mangroves could be used widely for ship making, papermaking, pharmacy, hide processing. Mangrove swamps can decrease red water bloom (red current or red ride) and provide ground for feeding sea products. Because of the great importance of mangroves, both economics and scientific theory, more research attentions increasingly have being paid to this special forest in China and oversea.That studies on mangroves had been done mainly focused on ecology, ecological physiology, ecological community, delimitation of mangrove species, energy flow, matter flow, molecular ecology, economic utilization, breeding techniques, ecological restoration engineering and pollution ecology. There is, however, almost a blank space in the area of photochemistry and natural medicinal chemistry, few work involved in this field of mangrove.Therefore, this project, study on the chemistry of lipids of Kandelia candel and bioactive constituents, tackled the lipids extracted from Kandelia candel leaves collected from protection area of mangrove at Shenzhen Futian, Yangjiang (Guangdong province), Hainan Xinzhu (Hainan province) respectively. Meanwhile, a lipid obtained from Ficus microcarpa leaves from Hainan Haikou (Hainan province) is also involved in the study. All lipids were separated to four groups as "free fatty acids"(FFA), "combined acids"(CFA), "alcohols", and "hydrocarbons" by cation exchange resin [Bond Elut LRC NHR micro-column (Varian)],saponification, silica gel and Al2O3 column chromatography. FFA and CFA were derived with CH3OH and HC1 to methyl esters, and "alcohols" were transformed to trimethylsilyl ether with N, N- bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). Hydrocarbons were fractioned to normal aliphatic and branched hydrocarbons by urea adduction. The constituents and distributions of each fraction were investigated in detail by GC, GC-MS analysis, especially, the "alcohols" differences between Kandelia candel lipid and Ficus microcarpa lipid were also compared both in composition and distribution, the work all done provided chemical base for medicinal utilization of Kandelia candel.The compound-specific carbon isotope δ13C of individual long-chain alkanes isolated from lipids of Kandelia candel and Ficus microcarpa leaves were analyzed by Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) to reveal the photosynthesis pathway of the two plants.The flavonoids in Kandelia candel were extracted by 60% ethanol and separated by a macropore ion exchange resin DA201, and then, column with polyamine. A pure crystal compound was obtained and its structure was determined by UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR.The antioxidation bioactivity of several fractions of Kandelia candel lipid chromatographed on silica gel has been tested on lipid peroxide (LPO) in tissue homogenate of liver of SD albino rat initiated by FeSO4.In addition, the antioxidation effect of refined flavonoids of Kandelia candel (total flavonoid content 29.2%) on cleaning high lipid peroxide (LPO) in serum of rats induced by tetraoxyprimidine... |
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