| Combining distant hybridization with radiation treatment is a efficient way to transfer alien chromatin into wheat for improvement of cultural varieties, and recognition of morphological, cytogenetic and molecular markers is playing a important role in the identification of individual chromosome in offspring of hybrids between wheat and closed related species. Since I 990s, gametocidai chromosomes have been being utilized to induce chromosomal translocation and tc construct chromosomal deletion maps, and it become a new method of introducing alien chromatin into wheat.In this paper, alien cbromatin from rye in offspring of hybrids between common wheat and triticale or rye are identified by means of morphological character recognition, cytogenetic analysis and molecular test including chromosome C-banding, in situ hybridization (ISH) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), ar! 7 translocation lines, 7 substitution lines and I line of involving allo-substitution and intraspecific translocation were distinguished. In addition, the effect induced chromosomal abnormality by the gametocidal chromosomes in different genomic backgrounds and differences of the effect among the gametocidal chromosomes were investigated in cross-combinations between common wheat-gametocidal chromosome disomic addition lines and wheat/rye substitution lines or Elitrigia elongata disomic addition lines. RAPD markers of three gametocidal chromosomes were determined.1.Mophological recognition and cytogenetic analysis. Chromosome number, 2n=42, was determined in somatic cells of majority of 70 lines selected, in 23 lines of which there are genetically stable characters. With chromosome behavior analyses at meiosis in pollen mother cells of F, hybrids between 6 selected lines and common wheat variety hinese Spring? it was primarily determined that lines, 98-15, 98-53 and 98-32, involved in chromosome translocations, and lines, 98-25, 98-55 and 98-61, possessed chromosome substitutions.2.Chromosome C-banding. Identification of 23 lines selected according to morphological and cytogenetic analyses with chromosome C-banding technique showed that line 98-32 is a 6AS/6RL translocation line, lines 98-19 and 98-61 involve in substitution of SR for 5A, I R chromosome substituted for ID in line 98-25, translocation line 98-60 (5ASI6AS) includes chromosome 5R subsititution, and lines 98-28, 98-57, 98-5 8 and 98-59 are involved in substitution or translocation of rye chromosomes. However, the rest of selected lines did not be determined for transferring of alien chromatin with chromosome Cbanding technique. The C-banding applied in identification of alien chromatin was discussed in the paper.3.in situ hybridization on chromosome. 23 lines selected according to morphological and cytogenetic analyses were examined for transferred rye chromatin by means of corn-bining genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) with chromosome C-banding. It was further determined T6AS6RL (98-32), TIRS-IAS 1AL (98-59), 1R/1A substitution (98-28, 98-57 and 98-5 8) and substitution included 2 chromosomes (98-25, 98-60 and 98-6 1).4.RAPD tagging: DNA amplification were randomly primed with 46 of 10 nt oligonucleotides in genomic DNA of common wheat variety æ…hinese Spring? rye variety æ¤ictor?and selected 23 lines, and specific RAPD fragments were obtained. Rye interspersed repeats, OPF-l5~50, were specifically amplified in lines 98-1, 98-3 and 98-53, of which lines alien chromatin did not be determined using C-banding and GISH. A specifically amplified product for chromosome 1R, OPF-072~, was used to tag the translocation lines, for example, line 98-3. OPF-15930 was specifically amplified in those translocation lines without SR chromatin, namely, 98-1, 98-3 1, 98-53 and 98-4. It is quite evident that RAPD technique is an effective method for identification of alien chromatin in distant hybrids in common wheat type.5.A test procedure for examining of alien chromatin in offspring of hybrids between wheat and relative species is determined:Morpholo... |
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