Study On Theory And Application Of Joint Regulation And Control For Rain And Flood Resources And Groundwater

To lessen the contradiction on supply and demand of regional water resource, reduce the disaster on flood and drought, develop joint-cooperation regulation and control of rainfall and flood resource and groundwater resource, enough dig the potential of the existing hydraulic engineering as reservoirs and lakes, and couple the indispensable engineering facilities to increase water resource, will become an import and urgent task. Especially, utilize surface storage water engineering to temporarily store surplus flood, and recharge groundwater in some area with good geological condition, by joint-cooperation operation on surface water and underground reservoirs, reassign run-off process to increase water quantity in water resource scarce and dry area, this will be quite significant.Joint regulation and control for rain and flood resources and groundwater is based on increasing the utilization rate of rainfall and flood resource, accelerating the transform efficiency between them. In which, flood control is combined with groundwater recharge to realize synchronously resource utilization and disaster prevention. The fundamental objective of above actions lies in rainfall of flood season should be enough utilized to realize annual regulation and years regulation of regional water resource, realize the sustained exploitation and utilization of water resource. The main means on regulation and control include two sides: one is improving the utilization rate of flood resource, the other is accelerating surface flood transforming groundwater. Based on the idea, the author discusses two optimal operation pattern of reservoirs as real dynamic limited water level and groundwater recharge from resource conservancy and sustained development, the corresponding theory and method of the two non-engineering measures are further studied. At the same time, the author still systematically studies the principle and method for using underground reservoirs to regulate time and space distribution of water resource. In which, the studies on index system and method of comprehensive evaluation on reservoirs regulation and storage capacity will become an important guidance significance to optimize underground reservoirs area and program underground regulation and storage area. The main research and results involved in the dissertation includes the following parts:(1) Water resource scarcity and the corresponding countermeasures are analyzed, the engineering and non-engineering measures at present for improving rainfall and flood resource utilization are also summarized. Then the author analyze the essentiality and feasibility implementing flood resource operation, especially emphasize the feasibility that some information of flood forecast and rainfall forecast is applied to flood resource operation of reservoirs. Based on the comprehensive consideration on some uncertainty factors as flood of inflow reservoirs, the safety running of reservoirs, flood flowing downstream exceeds flood control standard, or flood decrease leads to ecology environment damage, the risk factors for flood resource operation of reservoirs are analyzed, risk analysis of flood forecast operation pattern and the corresponding risk analysis method in which rainfall forecast information is applied to real operation of reservoirs are then proposed. Moreover, the risk rate of flood resource operation of reservoirs is also defined and the corresponding computing methods are respectively given based on the error analysis of flood forecast and rainfall forecast.(2) Based on the new idea of the flood control limited water level controlled dynamically of a reservoir during flood season, the control techniques and steps of dynamic reservoir's limited level are firstly proposed. Then the flood and water utilizing serial regulation method is employed and the computing procedure is programmed using PowerBuilder 8.0 to calculate reservoir's utilizable benefits. Moreover, the risk rate and risk loss are defined and the corresponding computing methods are respectively given. On the basis of the above-mentioned issues, the assessment index system on optimizing dynamic limited level schemes is established, which considers both utilizable benefit indexes and risk control indexes. Lastly, the Biliuhe reservoir is cited as an example, a fuzzy pattern recognition model for multi-objective system is adopted to optimize the dynamic limited water level schemes. The satisfying plan obtained will provide an important reference and basis for dynamically controlling limited water level during real-time operation of a reservoir.(3) In order to make the most of surplus floodwater during flood periods and realize groundwater sustained exploitation an optimal model on flood control and groundwater recharge of a reservoir is firstly established in this dissertation. In the model, flood inflow into a reservoir is calculated by a runoff generation and flow concentration model of a watershed according to hydrological forecasting date, and the short range rainfall forecast information is considered. On the basis of the above-mentioned issues, an improved dynamic programming model, incorporated with interactive generating technology, is presented to optimize and control reservoir discharging schemes for flood control and recharging groundwater joint operation. Then the design risk and additive risks caused by errors of hydrologic forecast and meteorological forecast are defined and the corresponding calculation procedures are introduced. Finally, taking the Biliuhe reservoir as an example, the optimal model and calculating method of risks are applied to joint operation of the reservoir for flood control and groundwater recharge, the risk value and economic benefit for recharging groundwater are respectively computed and analyzed. The results show that recharge water quantity and the obtained economic benefit using the optimal model are more remarkable than that using the routine operation.(4) Based on the dynamic limited water level control real-time and optimal operation model of flood control and groundwater recharge, the real-time forecast operation system of a reservoir based on integrated information and facing on flood resources utilization and environment safety is built. The whole operation system integrates four manners as forecast operation, ordinary operation, groundwater recharge and ecology needing water operation with four systems as rainfall forecast, flood forecast, flood operation and risk analysis to realize the comprehensive and incorporate management, including information collection, flood forecast, operation pattern choice, real optimal operation, limited water level control dynamically and risk analysis, etc. The operation system built will provide an decision-making support tool for sustained development and flood resource utilization of reservoirs.(5) Underground reservoir for storage water can increase the utilization of flood resources, release loss of flood disaster and realize the sustainable development of water resources. In this dissertation, the concept, regulating principle, storage conditions and function features of underground reservoir incorporated in the flood control system of a watershed are firstlyintroduced. Then, several parameters as regulation and storage volume, regulation and storage coefficient, re-storage index, are defined in order to quantitatively evaluate underground regulation and storage capacity. Among these parameters, the volume is one of the most important assessment indexes. Therefore, corresponding formulae are proposed to calculate the volume in the pore and karst water-bearing body, respectively. Lastly, the above-mentioned computation procedure combined with some flood parameters, is successfully applied to compute the regulation and storage capacity in lower Liao river watershed. The evaluation results can provide an important reference and basis for flood control and dispatching water resources in the course of optimal operation between surface water and ground water.(6) The regulation and storage capacity of an underground reservoir, related to many factors as hydrogeological condition, topography and physiognomy condition, natural geography and climate condition, groundwater exploitation and recharge, economic and technological condition, is a multi-layer and multi-objective system. It is difficult to precisely evaluate the regulation and storage capacity of an underground reservoir with only index. The regulation and storage capacity of an underground reservoir is defined from the viewpoint of keeping ecological balance and the sustainable development and utilization of water resources of a watershed. Then the index system of comprehensive evaluation on regulation and storage capacity is established. Furthermore, the underground reservoir as an multi-objective system, the fuzzy pattern recognition model with cross iteration for multi-objective and multi-layer system and the projection pursuit model based on real coding based accelerating genetic algorithm are introduced to compressively asses regulation and storage capacity of the underground reservoirs in lower Liao river watershed. The evaluation results for two approaches are compared and the applicative conditions are also given, respectively.The conclusions and the problems to be further studied are given at the end of the dissertation.