| Rhizoma polygonati belongs to the Polygonatum Mill family. It is perennial herbageplant which contained rich in polysaccharides, steroids saponins, anthraquinone, alkaloids,cardiac saponins, lignans, vitamine, and amino acid, etc, all of components are benefit tohuman bodies. However no information about volatile components has been reported.In this paper, systematic studies were carried out on the basic chemical components andcontents of Rhizoma polygonati,and also concludes isolation, purification, identification,and quantification of Rhizoma polygonati, saponins. A ELISA method was also set up toinvestigate total saponins of the Rhizoma polygonati. Extraction procedure for total saponinswas established, and the macro-reticular resin that was suitable for absorption of the totalsaponins was screened. Saponins monomers were isolated, prettified and identified. We alsostudied the effect of monomers on reduce the blood sugar.Components and contents of the fatty acids, volatile components were analyzed byGC-MS. Experiment results showed that fatty acids of saponins mainly consisted linoleic acid,opalmitic acid, stearic acid,linolenic acid and peanut acid. Their relative quality masses were38.79%, 33.20%, 10.45%, 9.74%, 2.73%, respectively. The volatile components werecomplicated and included hexa-dehyde n-heptoic acid, n-hexanol, their relative quality masseswere 29.13%,14.7%,4.89%,respectively. Rhizoma polygonati almost contain all the aminoacid, the total content of amino acid was 5.778 g/100g. Among them, the total content ofindispensable amino acid was 1.075g/100g.Hapten was modified by the succinicanhydride method, and Hapten combined withbig molecular protein by the carbodiimide activation, then the coating antigen weresuccessfully synesized. Ratios of hapten intergraded with BSA and OVA were 21:1 and11:1, respectively. Multi-clone antibody was created by immunity of New Zealand rabbitsusing synthesized coating antigen. The optimum of diluted ratio of antibody, coatingantigen was 1:3000 and 1:3000 respectively by phalanx titration method, and theoptimum work concentration was 1.25μg/mL.ELISA method that can determine the saponins of Rhizoma polygonati wasconstructed by the rabbit with multi-clone antibody of yam saponins. The standard curvewas positive relativity between 5.105×10-3 and 3.972×10-1μg/ml, and the equation wasI=32.021LogC+189.02. The correlation coefficient was R2=0.9974 and the lowest limitwas 2.468×10-3μg/ ml. The analysis terms of ELISA were optimized. The saponins ofRhizoma polygonati results which determined by ELISA showed that variation coefficientwas less than 10% between errors of the same batch and that of different batch. Therecovery rate of samples was between 80.33 and 103.88%, the variation coefficient wasless than 3%. However the ginseng saponins and cardiac saponins was 3.24% and 7.68%,respectively. From the result, we can deduced that the specificity is higher for saponins ofRhizoma polygonati, compared with ginseng saponins and cardiac saponins. The totalcontent of saponins in Rhizoma polygonati was 0.1366%(according to saponins of yam).The optimum terms of process extracting total saponins of Rhizoma polygonati wereinvestigated by orthogonal design experiment and the temperature of extraction,concentration of alcohol, time of extraction and ration of materials and liquid were 80oC,80%, 180min and 1:20, respectively.Macro-reticular resin, LSA-30, was selected and identified to use as the sorbent fortotal saponins by investigating static state absorption characters of eight kinds ofMacro-reticular resin. When the concentration of added samples was between 0.5mg/ml and0.85mg/ml, and the flow velocity of eluting reagent was 3ml/min, the volumetric absorptionwas the biggest. When the eluting reagent was alcohol and the concentration was more than50%, the eluting rate could reach 83.5%. But when the alcohol with concentration 95% , theeluting result was best.Activities reducing blood sugar of all kinds of eluting sample were investigated byconstructing the animal model with diaetes. The test results showed that activity ofRhizoma polygonati reducing the blood sugar was remarkable, and the best componentwas further isolated and purified. Structures of five kinds of monomers of purificationproducts by alcohol were identified, they were compounds B,C,D,E,F, and the compoundD and compound E were isolated from Rhizoma polygonati for the first time. Four kinds ofcomponents among of five monomers were tri-terpenes. So we deduced that the bestcomponents reducing blood sugar were tri-terpenes of Rhizoma polygonati.The extraction products were no influence on weight of mice, blood sugar of limosismice, and blood sugar of mice with taking food and endure content for sugar, but it couldimprove the symptom of mice with diabetes induced by 4-O-pyrimidine. After the animalstook the extraction products, the contents taken were 0.8g and 1.6g respectively perkilogram,the blood sugar value of animals is lower than that of control samples, it showedthat the mid and high dosage could reduce the blood sugar value of limosis mice, and theyalso could adjust the endure content of model mice with diabetes, at the same time, they couldcontrol the influence on the blood sugar value by extrinsic glucose.
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