| Poverty alleviation workshop is a critical carrier of rural industrial and economic development during the period of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,and it plays an important role in promoting local employment.In the context of the country’s strong support for rural industrial development and the implementation of various policies such as industrial assistance to agriculture and rural revitalization in recent years,poverty alleviation workshop,as an important carrier for lifting the workforce out of poverty,monitoring the targets of assistance,and providing local employment for relocated people,is not only a useful attempt to connect targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,but also a key role point for governments and enterprises to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results,connect political assistance and civil subjective initiative.It has played a positive role in enhancing the endogenous development momentum of farmers,helping the masses to obtain employment and increase income,expanding the village collective economy,and improving the effectiveness of rural governance,and has also provided solid support for consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and the effective connection between rural revitalization.From a micro perspective,farmers are stakeholders in poverty alleviation workshops,and their willingness to participate directly reflects the problems and challenges in the construction of poverty alleviation workshops,and affects the upgrading of poverty alleviation workshops to "employment factories" and "wealth generating workshops" during the rural revitalization period.Due to the fact that China’s rural areas are still basically in a "rural society" with a "differential pattern" and the relatively obvious cultural characteristics of collectivism among farmers,this makes the economic behavior of farmers different from other groups,in the case of limited cognition,the implementation and willingness of farmers’ economic behavior are not only driven by benefits,but also more influenced by external environmental and social factors.In this study,999 field survey data from 5 cities in Ningxia were used to analyze the impact of social embeddedness on farmers’ willingness to participate in poverty alleviation workshop work from two dimensions: autonomy and embeddedness(cognitive embeddedness,political embeddedness,and network embeddedness)based on the theory of social embeddedness.Firstly,the Logit model was used to identify the significant influencing factors that affect farmers’ willingness to participate in poverty alleviation workshops;secondly,the ISM model was used to analyze the specific logical relationship and hierarchical structure among the influencing factors;thirdly,the heterogeneity of farmers’ willingness to participate in poverty alleviation workshops with different practice models,different regional poverty alleviation workshops,and different by-business status were further analyzed.The results showed that firstly,farmers’ willingness to participate in the work of poverty alleviation workshop was relatively high on the whole,with the proportion of "very willing" and "relatively willing" reaching 70.7%,which indicates that the innovative poverty alleviation model "poverty alleviation workshop" proposed by the country is more in line with the employment and living needs of farmers,and the farmers are willing to continue to participate in the construction of poverty alleviation workshops.Secondly,the results of ordered logistic regression showed that independent factors and embeddedness factors(cognitive embeddedness,political embeddedness and network embeddedness)have a significant positive impact on farmers’ willingness to participate in the work of poverty alleviation workshops.Different characteristic variables have different degrees of influence on farmers’ willingness to work in poverty alleviation workshops.From the perspective of independent factors,the higher the education level of farmers,the stronger their willingness to work in poverty alleviation workshops.From the perspective of cognitive embeddedness,the higher the satisfaction of work income,living convenience and working time,the stronger the farmers ’willingness to participate in the work of poverty alleviation workshops.From the perspective of political embeddedness,the degree of farmers’ awareness of policies significantly affects their willingness to participate in the work of poverty alleviation workshops,that is,the higher the level of farmers’ awareness of the policy of the poverty alleviation workshop,the awareness of insurance protection,and the effect of employment skills training,the stronger their willingness to participate in the work of the poverty alleviation workshops.From the perspective of network embeddedness,the system and product processing technology significantly affect the farmers ’ work willingness,that is,the higher the perfection of management mechanism,the stronger the farmers’ willingness to work in poverty alleviation workshops,while the higher the level of product processing technology,the lower the farmers’ willingness to work in poverty alleviation workshops.In addition,the level of hardware facilities,the market logistics sales system,the degree of product branding,and the level of regional economic development have no significant impact on farmers’ willingness to work in poverty alleviation workshops.Thirdly,the ISM model is used for further analysis,which confirms that the nine influencing factors that have a significant impact on farmers’ behavior willingness to work in the poverty alleviation workshops not only play an independent role but also are related to each other,forming a relatively complete hierarchical system of will-influence correlation structure,it covers surface direct factor,middle-level indirect factors and deep root factors.Fourth,it was found from the heterogeneity analysis that there are differences in farmers’ willingness to participate in poverty alleviation workshops with different practice models,rural and urban poverty alleviation workshops,and by-business and non-by-business farmers.Satisfaction with the convenience of place of residence,satisfaction with working hours,awareness of insurance coverage,and product processing technology only have a significant impact on farmers’ willingness to participate in work under the "Leading Enterprise + Poverty Alleviation Workshop + Farmers" and "Local Competent Person + Poverty Alleviation Workshop + Farmers" practice models,while awareness of insurance coverage,product branding,and improvement of management mechanisms only have a significant positive impact on urban farmers.In addition,due to the wide range of information contact,stronger employment skills,and adaptability of by-business farmers,the convenience of place of residence,awareness of poverty alleviation workshop policies,awareness of insurance protection,and the perfection of management mechanisms only have a significant positive impact on by-business farmers’ willingness to participate in poverty alleviation workshop work.According to the above research results,the corresponding policy recommen dations are put forward.Specifically,we should:(1)improve the cognitive level and stimulate farmers’ endogenous motivation to get rich;(2)enhance farmers’ sense of trust and belonging,and improve the interest connection mechanism;(3)strengthen publicity and skills training to create a good environment for poverty a lleviation workshop construction;(4)extend the industrial chain,solidly promote the all-round development of three industries integration;(5)increase policy support and promote financial support from multiple subjects;and(6)give full play to the role of radiation and build a close production discussion network. |
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