Research On The Construction And Application Of The Performance Framework Of Key Competencies In Physics In Senior High School

With the further changes of the times and society,the requirements of school education for talent cultivation are constantly changing.Since the German social educator Mertens put forward the concept of "key ability",more and more countries have begun to introduce the concept of "key ability" into basic education,in order to further establish certain standards in basic education,so that students can flexibly face the rapidly changing and highly connected world.In China,with the continuous deepening of curriculum reform and the promulgation of the new curriculum standards,it has been clarified that the core competencies of compulsory education and high school subjects refer to the correct values,essential qualities,and key abilities gradually formed by students through subject learning.It can be seen that key competencies are an important component of the core competencies of subjects.Therefore,for the teaching and evaluation of physics in high school,it is crucial to understand the key abilities of the physics discipline and the constituent elements of these abilities in order to cultivate students’ core competencies in the physics discipline in high school.This study mainly used methods such as literature analysis,empirical research,and test development based on the Rasch model.The research mainly includes the following content:Firstly,the construction of the performance framework of key abilities in high school physics: On the basis of the relevant requirements of the Curriculum Standards of Physics for Ordinary High School(2017Edition,2020 revision)and the Evaluation System of China’s College Entrance Examination,Cheng Li and Li Yong of the National Examination Center of the Ministry of Education put forward five key abilities of high school physics,namely,the ability of understanding,the ability of reasoning,the ability of model construction,the ability of experimental inquiry and the ability of innovation.These five abilities are not only closely related to the physical concept,scientific thinking,scientific inquiry,scientific attitude and responsibility in the curriculum standards,but also fit in well with the three key abilities(knowledge acquisition ability,practical operation ability and thinking cognition ability)that students need to possess in the Evaluation System of China’s College Entrance Examination.Therefore,on the basis of "Physics Curriculum Standards for ordinary high School(2017 edition,2020revision)" and "Chinese College Entrance Examination Evaluation System",Through literature research and empirical analysis,this paper further explores the key abilities of physics and finally determines the key ability performance framework of high school physics,which includes five first-level components and 18 second-level components(each of which contains three levels),specifically: understanding ability.The second-level components include physical symbol representation,knowledge understanding and transfer application.The secondary component of model construction ability is meta-modeling knowledge and modeling practice ability.Reasoning and demonstration ability,the secondary components of analysis and synthesis,logical reasoning,inference prediction;Experimental inquiry ability,secondary components of experimental design and correction,hands-on operation,data processing,communication and expression,teamwork,reflection and evaluation;The secondary component of innovation ability is to raise new questions,question old ideas,solve problems creatively,and make physical creation.Secondly,using this framework to analyze 23 sets of college entrance examination physics questions in recent three years,the characteristics of the examination of college entrance examination physics questions on the key ability of students in physics and the preparation of the strategy to test the key ability of students.Thirdly,on the basis of the Rasch model theory,the test questions were designed and further optimized according to the constructed key ability performance framework of high school physics.After optimization,it was found that the test questions could meet the basic assumptions of the Rasch model,with high reliability and validity and good project differentiation,indicating that the framework could be applied in practical teaching.