Marx’s "Material Interest Difficulty" Research

Marx in his university and youth was deeply influenced by the principle of "reason" in Hegel’s philosophy.This led him to agree with the political and value position of the Young Hegelians that everyone has the freedom of reason and that the existing world should develop according to the requirements of reason.Marx enthusiastically threw himself into this radical philosophy of consciousness that conquered the world,and under the guidance of this thought,he actively engaged in the discussion and deliberation of press,publication,law,and national issues.This political proposition based on humanism and rationalism,which called for the realization of the rights of the people,showed a tendency to oppose the Prussian autocracy,and soon caused ideological contradictions between Marx and the official German philosophy represented by Hegel and Schelling.During the Rheinische Zeitung,Marx encountered many problems related to material interests.The censorship order restricts the people’s freedom of the press and interferes with Marx’s work.In the problem of forest theft law,Marx,as a peasant defense lawyer,had to intervene in the economic dispute over the ownership of forest trees,which brought him great difficulties in theory and practice,and also changed his thinking.In the process of defending the poor,Marx personally felt the conflict between "rational principles" and "material interests",and saw the irrational behavior of the state under the political hierarchy.Marx’s investigation and study of the problem of widespread poverty along the Moselle River revealed to him a cruel fact,that is,the encroachment of the government and the bureaucracy itself on the power of the state and society has caused the poverty of the people.This angered Marx,the principles of state rationality collapsed in the face of reality,and reason no longer governed the behavior of state and social members.In its place is the "complex of private rights and private interests" manipulated by the hierarchy of special interests in society in "objective relations."What is valuable is that in this series of issues,Marx has always adhered to the simplest people’s position and the value pursuit of social fairness and justice.This simple position and practical experience made him have great doubts about the philosophical ideas and political propositions he had adhered to in the past,and eventually contributed to a "philosophical revolution" that profoundly affected the development of human thought and historical progress.It can be seen that the transformation of Marx’s philosophical thought in the "Rheinische Zeitung" period has important theoretical and practical significance,which has made the necessary preparations for the creation of historical materialism,the transformation of the scientific concept of practice,the revelation of the real relationship between the nation,civil society and private property and finally the real driving force of social development.