Study On The Reform Of The Eight Banners In Northeast China During The New Deal Period In The Late Qing Dynasty

For more than 200 years,the eight banners stationed in the northeast were the "land of dragon prosperity" of the Qing Dynasty.As time changed,they gradually destroyed their strength and decay.In addition,the border crisis intensified day by day,the Qing government finally abolished the military government system headed by the three generals and set up provinces,opening the prelude to the reform of the Eight Banners system in the northeast.In terms of the system of Eight Banners management,the three provinces set up a temporary Eight Banners management organization under the administrative office-Eight Banners Office,which inherited the former general yamen affairs.As Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces cut vice capital and auxiliary garrison on a large scale,the Eight Banners affairs in Jilin garrison city are under the common jurisdiction of the Eight Banners affairs undertaking Office and the soldiers’ preparation road,while the garrison in Fengtian is slightly slower.After this cancellation,the eight banners garrison completely lost its military significance.In the rectification of the eight banner officers and soldiers,the three provinces eight banner officers and soldiers through the selection of products,training new army and other ways,gradually separated from the banner organization.However,the Qing government failed to implement the abolition of the Eight Banners and the lack of pay,and even rejected the reform of the Eight Banners officers and soldiers of Fengtian,which reflected the Qing government’s"conservatism" in the reform of the Eight Banners system in northeast China.After the annexation of Japan and South Korea in the second year of Xuantong,fengtian Consultation Bureau proposed the idea of abolishing the Eight Banners system and training the army,but it was opposed by Fengtian Eight Banners Affairs Office,which advocated gradually changing the Eight Banners system.However,in the third year of xuantong,the Eight Banners Affairs Office no longer objected to the abolition of the system of Eight Banners due to financial constraints.Xiliang,the governor of the three northeastern provinces at that time,knew well that the reform of the system of Eight Banners was complicated and involved many issues.Moreover,the Qing government had not issued specific policies,so he finally denied the proposal of changing the rates to the army and abolishing all the system of Eight Banners.Compared with the system reform,the Qing government paid more attention to solving the livelihood problems of the banner people in the three eastern provinces,mainly from the three aspects of oral farming,education and industry,in order to achieve the goal of "transforming the banner into the people" and the integration of Manchu and Han.The system of Eight Banners reform,in short,the New Deal in the late Qing dynasty period in northeast of China,is conducive to the end of the system of Eight Banners state of "divide and conquer,promote garrison conscripts disintegration,promote the han’s sphere,but the degree of distress,the Qing government to" reconcile "the system of Eight Banners system policy,the eight banners officers and soldiers,under the influence of factors such as the reform touched the cutting short cutting rates cut the system of Eight Banners the deep-seated problems such as hard,It reflects the reality of the flag system reform during the New Deal.