A Study Of The Philosophy Of History In Lotze's Microcosmo

Hermann Lotze,an important philosopher in the second half of the 19 th century in Germany,has a position that can not be underestimated in the history of modern philosophy.At present,domestic research on Lotze’s logic,philosophy of value,metaphysics,and other aspects has gradually deepened,but there is no in-depth study on Lotze’s philosophical and anthropological masterpiece Microcosmus.This thesis attempts to carry out a study of Microcosmus,and more specifically,this thesis is dedicated to studying the Historical Philosophy of Lotze’s Microcosmus.This thesis is based on the translation and collation of the seventh volume of Microcosmus,Historical Philosophy,and related literature background.It sorts out and summarizes the contents and internal logic of various chapters of Historical Philosophy,and attempts to explore the issue of time.Through textual interpretation and logical analysis of the Historical Philosophy section of Volume 7 of Microcosmus,we can draw the basic position: Lotze believes that human history is an infinitely unknown field that cannot be solved by precise science,so history is meaningful only if it is mental history;The process of mental history is not only independent and free,but also has an intrinsic purpose.Furthermore,Lotze criticized all historical laws and historical retrogression views,presupposing the unity of history as a conscious ideal,thereby confirming the possibility that history is a free and developing process.Then,as for the question of how history specifically develops,Lotze did not provide any clear answers to avoid falling into the quagmire of historical regularity.Instead,he only analyzed the internal and external factors that affect historical development,and presented the historical development process of different civilizations.Finally,for Lotze’s view of history,the core of time in Historical Philosophy is consistent with mental consciousness,and is an eternal and present value existence.In short,from the perspective of Microcosmus,Lotze’s Historical Philosophy can be summarized as a basic viewpoint: history is a process from an unknown starting to an unknown ending;History,as far as it is known,both free and not limited by any laws,is intertwined with stagnation and development.From the perspective of modern philosophy,Lotze’s Historical Philosophy undoubtedly has its unique characteristics,and the study of the profound significance of Historical Philosophy is a task that we will focus on in the future.