The Subjective Experience And Physiological Response Of Flow During Rhythmic Entrainment

Music activities are usually accompanied by a subjective best experience state,that is,flow,which usually refers to a positive emotional state that individuals feel when they are engaged in a certain activity and feel extremely focused and immersed in it.Most views believe that music is an embodied phenomenon,in which music with a high degree of melody relies on its temporal characteristics(such as beats and rhythm patterns)and coordinated interactions with movements(such as dance)to make it easier for individuals to enter the flow experience,this rhythmic entrainment is an important mechanism for inducing musical emotions,but few studies have explored its impact on flow experience in depth.This study aims to explore how rhythmic entrainment plays a role in flow experience in the context of melodious music.This study is divided into the following three parts:Study 1 explores the cross-cultural characteristics of rhythmic music by using the "Experience of Groove Questionnaire ".First,in Study 1a,the questionnaire was sinicized based on standard procedures,and 170 subjects were randomly recruited.Through an experiment,it was verified that the two subscales of the questionnaire had good reliability and validity and the structure of the questionnaire proved that the sense of rhythm It is measured by "rhythm desire" and "pleasure experience".Secondly,Study 1b randomly recruited 26 subjects to complete a music assessment based on the "Rhythm Experience Questionnaire" by extracting potential examples from a wide range of music works.,and the tempo of music works is an important factor to explore the two aspects of "rhythm desire" and "pleasure experience".In addition,a standard set of rhythmic music stimuli was successfully established to comprehensively define the level of rhythmic music in follow-up studies.Based on the sensory-motor synchronous percussion paradigm,study two investigated the influence of rhythmic entrainment in rhythmic music situations on individual subjective flow experience and the autonomic response characteristics of flow from the perspective of embodied music cognition.A total of 62 subjects were included in this study,including 21 people in the control group,21 people in the single-person task group,and 20 people in the double-person task group.The "Core Heart Flow State Scale" was used to measure the individual’s subjective flow experience.During the process,individual heart rate variability frequency domain indicators LF,HF,LH/HF and their normalized values LF(nu),HF(nu).The results found that the rhythmic entrainment task in the music situation with higher rhythmicity is more likely to induce strong subjective flow experience and autonomic nervous response,and the enhancement of this subjective flow experience can reduce sympathetic nerve activity(in the form of LF(nu),LF/HF)and enhanced parasympathetic activity via vagal modulation(represented by HF(nu))were the main autonomic response features.Based on the results of Study 2,Study 3 explored the influence of observed rhythmic entrainment in rhythmic music situations on individual subjective flow experience and the autonomic response characteristics of flow from the perspective of quasi-social contact.In this study,a total of 61 college students were recruited,including 20 people in the control video group,21 people in the single-person task video group,and 20 people in the double-person task video group.The "Core Heart Flow State Scale" was used to measure the individual’s subjective flow experience.The heart rate sensor collects individual heart rate variability frequency domain indicators LF,HF,LH/HF and their normalized values LF(nu)and HF(nu)during the experiment.It was found that the rhythmic entrainment in all music situations can make the observers obtain a strong subjective flow experience,and the overall difference between the tasks in terms of physiological responses is not obvious enough,but the subjective Enhanced flow experience was accompanied by increased parasympathetic activity(represented by HF(nu))and decreased sympathetic activity(represented by LF,LF(nu)and LF/HF).Based on the above research results,this study believes that: first,the rhythmic entrainment of embodied participation is the key factor in inducing the best flow experience(including subjective reports and physiological responses)in music activities,and it needs to be stimulated by music with a high degree of melody.Promote.Secondly,the rhythmic entrainment from the perspective of quasi-social contact can induce the observer’s strong subjective flow experience in the music listening and listening state,but this rhythmic entrainment has no obvious impact on the physiological response,which may be related to the smaller rhythm in the experimental task entrainment effect.Finally,in the high-tempo music situation,the enhancement of subjective flow experience is accompanied by the increase of parasympathetic nerve activity and the decrease of sympathetic nerve activity as the main autonomic nervous response characteristics.