Analysis Of Agronomic And Quality Traits Of The Progeny Populations Of Durum Wheat And Common Wheat

Wheat is the main food crop in the world.Extreme climate,reduced arable land and increased pests and diseases are important factors threatening wheat yield and quality.Therefore,it is particularly important to breed wheat varieties with multiple resistances and wide adaptability.At present,the breeding of wheat varieties is mostly intraspecific hybridization.Long-term artificial selection results in the loss of some excellent genes,narrow genetic background and homogenization of varieties.Durum wheat is a relative species of common wheat,which contains abundant excellent genes.Mining and utilizing durum wheat is of great significance for wheat breeding..In this experiment,the agronomic traits and quality traits of the hybrid progeny population of durum wheat and common wheat were comprehensively analyzed,and the functional genes of the progeny lines were detected by 0.1K gene chip,which provided germplasm resources for future wheat genetic improvement and new variety breeding.The main results are as follows :1.The statistics of agronomic traits of the offspring population showed that the coefficient of variation ranged from 8.12 % to 95.20 %,The average values of spike length,grain number per spike,plant height,1000-grain weight,infection type and severity were10.38 cm,47.70,90.82 cm,51.95 g,2.75 and 26.68,respectively.Through correlation analysis and principal component analysis,it was found that the spike length was significantly positively correlated with the grain number per spike,and significantly correlated with the plant height.The plant height was significantly positively correlated with the 1000-grain weight,and was significantly negatively correlated with the infection type,and was negatively correlated with grain number per spike.The cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components divided is 80.190%,which is sequentially referred to as stripe rust resistance component factor,spike component factor and 1000-grain weight component factor.According to the comprehensive evaluation of principal components of agronomic traits,the five plant lines with the highest comprehensive scores were numbered as follows:135,143,103,107,158.2.The distribution of HMW-GS in the progeny population was analyzed,It was found that null and 1 subunits were detected in the Glu-A1 locus,and the highest proportion of 1subunit was 77.02 %;At the Glu-B1 locus,the variant subunit 7 + 9 was detected in six materials;the proportion of variant subunit 2 + 12 in Glu-D1 locus was higher than that of paternal subunit 5 + 10.There were 5 kinds of HMW-GS combination scores,the highest score was 10,the frequency was 28.75 %,and the lowest score was 7.There were two subunit combinations,null,7 + 8,5 + 10 and 1,7 + 9,2 + 12,with frequencies of 8.07 % and2.48 %,respectively.3.Descriptive statistics of quality traits of progeny lines showed that the average values of protein content,peak viscosity,trough viscosity,final viscosity,peak time,stability time,development time,quality number,HMW-GS score and weakening degree were 12.24 %,1849.60 BU,1563.86 BU,2189.29 BU,5.15 min,5.42 min,4.61 min,64.14,8.34 and 66.15,respectively.The coefficients of variation were 7.19 %,35.13 %,39.45 %,32.85 %,19.61 %,61.07 %,34.49 %,13.45 %,13.67 % and 35.10 %,respectively.Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were carried out on the quality traits of the offspring lines.It was found that there was a significant positive correlation between peak viscosity,trough viscosity and final viscosity.There was a significant positive correlation between stability time and formation time and farinograph quality,and a significant negative correlation with weakening degree.The cumulative contribution rate of the four principal components divided is 92.266%,Each principal component was named as viscosity characteristic component factor,dough strength component factor,HMW-GS component factor and protein content component factor.The principal component comprehensive evaluation of quality traits was carried out on the standardized data.The three strains with the highest and the lowest comprehensive scores were 32,137,33 and 25,162,145,respectively.4.The comprehensive scores of agronomic traits and quality traits obtained by principal component analysis were analyzed,and it was found that the strains with better comprehensive performance were 137,98 and 155,respectively.5.The distribution of population genes was studied by 0.1K chip and combined with the performance of traits,which showed that Ta Cwi-A1 in four grain weight genes Tabas1,TAGW2-6A,Ta Cwi-A1 and Ta Sus2-2B had a significant effect on improving grain weight,and the superposition of four genes had obvious gene accumulation effect.Rht-2D and Rht-B1 b genes in Rht-B1 b,Rht-D1 b,Rht-8,QPht-2D and Rht24＿AP2 significantly reduced plant height,and the superposition of five genes could significantly reduce plant height.The five stripe rust resistance genes Yr5,Yr17,Yr30,Yr78 and Yr82 contained Yr17,Yr5 and Yr30 genes.The average disease grade of the lines containing Yr17,Yr5 and Yr30 genes was low.The superposition effect of the five genes was not as good as the combination of individual three genes.The average disease grade of the combination containing Yr17 + Yr5 gene was the lowest among all combinations.The addition of other genes did not further enhance the resistance to stripe rust.