Effects Of Ventilation And Feeding Systems On Sheep Production Efficiency,Blood Biochemical Indexes And Environmental Factors Of Sheep Farm

With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the rapid development of the animal husbandry,more and more enterprises have begun to optimize production lines and continuously increase the investment of automation equipment in the actual production process to improve production efficiency and reduce costs.The quality of ventilation and feeding methods are the key factors affecting the breeding process of mutton sheep.Well-ventilated feeding system can significantly reduce the concentration and stress of harmful gases in the house,and provide a good growing environment for the healthy development of sheep.A precision feeding system can provide the exact nutrients requirements for different stages of mutton sheep growth,which results in higher feeding efficiency,raise method more scientifically,less artificial strength,more beneficial to sheep growth and development,and improve the productivity of sheep farm.Therefore,this study was conducted to evaluate the automatic sheep farm with automatic ventilation system and automatic feeding system on growth performance,economic benefit,and environmental factors of sheep farm as compared with the local natural ventilation and artificial feeding ordinary sheep farm.The main results were obtained are as follows:（1）A field survey was conduted by collecting and comparing various growth performance indexes and economic benefit data of artificial breeding common sheep farms and automatic sheep farms with automatic feeding and ventilation systems.It was found that the average daily gain,feed conversion ratio,slaughter rate,lambing rate,weaned lamb survival rate and slaughter rate of automatic sheep farms were increased by 8.78%,9.60%,5.02%,3.11%,6.97%and 3.02%,respectively,as compared with ordinary sheep farms.The abortion rate and death rate were decreased by 24.26%and 26.44%,respectively.Through the analysis of the input and output data of the two sheep farms,the net technical efficiency of the automated sheep farm was 0.819,which was higher than that of the local common sheep farm（0.738）,indicating that the use of automatic ventilation and feeding system improved the technical efficiency of the sheep farm.To study the effect of automatic feeding system on the basic nutrient composition of mutton,36 F1 hybrid Suffolk×Hu ewes with an average body weight of 32.37 kg at 4months of age were randomly assigned to 2 groups,artificial feeding（Control,C）and automatic feeding system（Test,T）.The experiment period was lasted 56 days.At the end of the experiment,6 sheep were randomly selected for slaughter in each group.The results showed that there were no significant differences on the chemical composition of meat muscle,such as protein,moisture,ash and fat between group C and group T（P>0.05）.（2）A study was conducted to investigate the impact of automatic ventilation system on the environmental factors of sheep barn.The winter airtight sheep sheds with automatic ventilation system and those with general ventilation system under were selected for comparison,and a similar number of 2-year old non-pregnancy female Hu sheep were selected from the two sheds with similar feeding density,respectively.The experiment period was lasted 10 days.They were divided into control group（A）with normal ventilation mode and test group（B）with automatic ventilation system.The results showed that the contents of NH₃,H₂S,PM2.5,PM10,and the total populations of Salmonella,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,bacteria in group B were significantly lower than those in group A（P<0.01）,indicating that the automatic ventilation system had a significant effect on optimizing the air and the number of harmful microorganisms in the sheep house.The input of the system in the production process should be increased.In the follow study of harmful gas concentrations in different positions in barn A and B,it was found that the concentration of harmful gases in the middle section of sheep barn was higher than that in the front and back sections.（3）A total of 20 sheep each from the control group A with general ventilation and the experimental group B with automatic ventilation system each was selected to study the effect of automatic ventilation system on sheep blood biochemical indexes.It was found that the concentrations of serum SOD,GSH-PX,T-AOC levels in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A（P<0.01）,while the CAT levels were significantly higher than those in Group A（P<0.05）,and MDA levels were significantly lower than those in Group A（P<0.01）,indicating that Group B had stronger antioxidant performance than Group A.The levels of Ig M,Ig A in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A（P<0.01）,indicating that Group B had better immune response indicators than Group A.In group B,the concentrations of serum ALT,CK and ALP levels were significantly lower than in group A（P<0.01）,AST and LDH levels were significantly lower than in group A（P<0.05）,suggesting that sheep in group A were under stress and had impaired cell structure.The contents of serum TP,ALB and GLB in group B were higher than those in group A,indicating that the normal growth and metabolism of sheep in group A were affected to a certain extent as compared with group B with automatic ventilation system.In conclusion,ventilation and feeding system play an obvious role in improving production efficiency,growth performance and environment in the process of sheep breeding.Therefore,in the future production process of animal husbandry,investment and popularization of ventilation and feeding system should be increased.