Optimizing Labor,Time,and Space For Construction Planning-A Choquet Integral Approach Based Exploration

The booming construction industry has played a strong role in promoting the country’s economic construction.However,the construction industry is facing challenges in terms of declining efficiency,schedule delays and labor shortage while the volume of project investment is increasing year by year.Formulating a reasonable and effective construction planning scheme is the key to break the bottleneck of the development of the construction industry.At present,the construction industry lacks the method of planning time,space and labor at the same time,so in practice,the formulation of progress plan and labor distribution scheme is mostly based on the experience of construction management personnel,to formulate relatively general construction progress plan and labor distribution scheme,resulting in when the project construction process meets the interference of uncertain factors,In both theory and practice,there is a lack of decision schemes that can timely and comprehensively consider risks and combine managers’ subjective preferences and objective constraints.The objectives of this paper are to(1)explore and apply the Takt time planning method to simultaneously plan time,space and labor in construction planning.(2)Accurately predict the results generated by different construction planning scenarios based on Arena simulation platform.(3)To evaluate the project utility under the subjective preference of managers based on Choquet integral,optimize the interaction and trade-off of time,space and labor,and guide managers in making decisions.In this paper,two residential projects with different construction processes are used as case studies.Through 71 days of data collection at the construction site,a total of 3,205 sets of data including construction process,construction plan,and construction process in time,space,and labor are obtained.A dozen of probability distributions such as Normal distribution,Weibull distribution and Gamma distribution were used to fit and analyze the worker productivity data,and the probability distribution of productivity was obtained and used as input parameters for the subsequent construction process model.The Takt time planning method is applied to plan time,space and labor comprehensively during the development of the construction process;for example,the construction process is improved by adjusting the process,working time and labor distribution,and the construction process is optimized again by dividing the construction area on this basis.Based on Arena platform,simulation models for three methods of actual construction,construction by Takt time planning method and construction by dividing zones were established,and75 different labor allocation schemes were reconstructed after adjusting the actual labor force within a certain range,and 225 different construction scenarios were built by combining the above construction methods and labor allocation schemes,which were used to study and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the three The above construction methods and labor allocation schemes are combined and 225 different construction scenarios are built to study and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods as well as the variation laws of time,cost and space under different labor allocation schemes.Finally,an evaluation and decision tool based on Choquet integral is proposed and applied for the first time in a domestic construction project.By calculating the utility under different construction scenarios,measuring the satisfaction of managers under subjective preferences,analyzing the interaction and trade-off of time,space and labor under different preferences,and guiding the development of construction planning schemes.The study found that the Takt time planning method effectively reduced spatial overlap by 45%-90%,clearly scheduled construction crews to work at fixed locations at fixed times,and standardized and paced the entire construction process.At the same time,increasing the number of construction crews on critical routes can effectively reduce the project duration by 25%;reducing the number of construction crews on non-critical routes can reduce the cost by 9% and the spatial overlap by 36%.Finally,Choquet score-based evaluation and analysis can help managers develop the most satisfactory construction planning solution,but construction planning should avoid setting too much weight on one variable,which can lead to a reduction in overall utility.Using a specific construction project as a case study,this study attempts to use the Takt time planning method to explore the development of construction plans while planning time,space and labor,laying the foundation for its wide application in the domestic construction field.This paper is the first in China to use a utility assessment and decision making tool based on Choquet integral to evaluate construction planning schemes and to measure the satisfaction level of managers,filling the gap of such research in the domestic construction field.