| Sea cucumber is a valuable marine biological resource,which is favored for its high protein,low fat,low cholesterol and rich active ingredients.Sea cucumber polysaccharide is a natural active component with a variety of biological activities,but its bioavailability is low due to its large molecular weight and complex structure.Therefore,more scholars are committed to the degradation of sea cucumber polysaccharide to obtain low molecular weight sea cucumber polysaccharide with higher activity.In this paper,the basic nutrients of sea cucumber were analyzed,and two physical degradation methods were selected to treat the extracted polysaccharides in this paper.The specific contents are as follows:1.The basic composition,functional composition,mineral elements,amino acid composition and fatty acid composition of sea cucumber were determined.The results showed that the contents of protein,fat,ash,total sugar,saponins,collagen and Chondroitin sulfate in sea cucumber were 45.42%,6.95%,27.16%,8.64%,2.42%,12.86% and 58.82 mg/kg,respectively.The sodium content in the major elements of the sea cucumber body wall is the highest,while the iron and zinc content in the trace elements is the highest.In amino acid composition,Essential amino acid and effective amino acid accounted for 32.73% and 65.62% respectively.There are 9 Saturated fat fatty acids,6 Monounsaturated fatty acid and 9 Polyunsaturated fatty acid in the body wall of sea cucumber.2.Extract sea cucumber polysaccharides using CPC(cetylpyridinium chloride)method to obtain sample SCP(Sea cucumber polysaccharide).The SCP was ultrasonically treated for 120 min with an ultrasonic Cell disruption apparatus,and the sample SP-120(Sonicate polysaccharides for 120 min)was obtained;Samples of 300HP-60(Ultra high pressure 300 MPa for 60 min),300HP-120(Ultra high pressure 300 MPa for 120 min),500HP-60(Ultra high pressure 500 MPa for 60 min),and 500HP-120(Ultra high pressure 500 MPa for 120 min)were obtained by processing with ultra-high pressure equipment at 300 MPa for 60 min,300 MPa for120 min,and 500HP-120(Ultra high pressure 500 MPa for 120 min).The measurement results showed that compared with SCP,the total sugar content of SP-120,300HP-120,and 500HP-60 components increased;The protein content remains almost unchanged;The contents of Amino sugar and Uronic acid increased;The sulfate content of SCP-120 increased by 7.4%.The molecular weights of SP-120,300HP-60,300HP-120,500HP-60,and 500HP-120 have all decreased.The analysis of monosaccharide composition showed that the Fucose content of SCP was the highest,and the Fucose content decreased after ultrasonic treatment and ultrahigh pressure treatment.In UHP treatment,the content of Fucose decreased with the increase of pressure and treatment time;Ultra high pressure treatment has more obvious effect on Fucose content;The contents of Mannose,Glucosamine,Glucuronic acid,amino Galactose and glucose in the five components treated increased.The infrared spectral peaks of the six groups of polysaccharides are basically similar,with little difference.The electron microscope scanning images of six groups of polysaccharide samples showed completely different appearances.3.The differences in activity of polysaccharides treated with different methods were compared from two aspects: in vitro antioxidant and in vitro immune regulatory activity.In vitro antioxidant results showed that the scavenging activity of DPPH free radicals and ABTS in the six groups of polysaccharides increased with increasing concentration,and the scavenging ability of sea cucumber polysaccharides in the treatment group was higher than that of SCP.For Hydroxyl radical scavenging rate,the activities of SP-120,300HP-60 and 500HP-60 were higher than those of SCP components,while the activities of 300HP-120 and 500HP-120 were lower than those of SCP.The iron reducing power of polysaccharide in SP-120 group was higher than that of SCP,and SCP showed the best ability to remove Nitrous acid.The results of immune regulatory activity showed that within the concentration range of 0～25 μg/m L,the three groups of sea cucumber polysaccharides had no significant effect on the activity of RAW264.7 cells.When the concentration is greater than 50 μg/m L,it exhibits a cell inhibitory effect;All three groups of polysaccharides showed good ability to promote NO production and showed a proportional trend;The phagocytosis of macrophage Neutral red showed a concentration dependent trend,which first increased and then decreased.The phagocytic capacity of macrophages in three groups of polysaccharides showed SP-120>500HP-60>SCP.Explore the digestion process of three groups of sea cucumber polysaccharides through in vitro simulated digestion.In the simulated gastric digestion process,the Reducing sugar content of sea cucumber polysaccharide increased with time,and no new free monosaccharide was released at the end of digestion.The relative molecular weight of SCP decreased from 0 h to 1 h,while the relative molecular weight of SP-120 and 500HP-60 remained unchanged;In the process of simulated small intestine digestion,the content and relative molecular weight of Reducing sugar of sea cucumber polysaccharide in the three groups did not change,and no new free monosaccharide was produced at the end of digestion,indicating that sea cucumber polysaccharide could not be digested by the small intestine. |
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